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Bighorn National Forest

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Bighorn National Forest
The Medicine Wheel National Historic Landmark in the National Forest
LocationSheridan, Big Horn, Johnson, and Washakie counties, Wyoming, USA
Nearest citySheridan, WY
Coordinates44°32′N 107°21′W / 44.533°N 107.350°W / 44.533; -107.350
Area1,107,571 acres (4,482.18 km2)[1]
EstablishedFebruary 22, 1897[2]
Governing bodyU.S. Forest Service
WebsiteBighorn National Forest

The Bighorn National Forest is a U.S. National Forest located in northern Wyoming, United States and consists of over 1.1 million acres (4,500 km2). Created as a US Forest Reserve in 1897, it is one of the oldest government-protected forest lands in the U.S. The forest is well east of the continental divide and extends from the Montana border for a distance of 80 miles (130 km) along the spine of the Bighorn Mountains, an outlying mountain range separated from the rest of the Rocky Mountains by Bighorn Basin. Elevations range from 5,000 feet (1,500 m) along the sagebrush and grass-covered lowlands at the foot of the mountains, to 13,189 feet (4,020 m) on top of Cloud Peak, the highest point in the Bighorn Mountains. Around 99% of the land is above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).[3] The forest is named after the Bighorn River, which is partially fed by streams found in the forest. Streams in the range are fed primarily by snowmelt and snowmelt mixed with driving rainfall.[3]

Within the forest is the Cloud Peak Wilderness area in which no motorized or mechanical equipment is allowed. The only access into the 189,000 acres (760 km2) wilderness[4] is on foot or horseback. There are 1,500 miles (2,400 km) of trails in the forest, along with 32 improved campgrounds, lodges, and three scenic vehicular byways. U.S. Route 14 in Wyoming, also known as the Bighorn Scenic Byway, crosses the middle of the 30-mile (48 km) wide forest. The Medicine Wheel Passage (U.S. Highway 14A) crosses in the north passing the Medicine Wheel National Historic Landmark, while the Cloud Peak Skyway (U.S. Route 16) crosses the highest pass in the forest (Powder River Pass 9,677 ft/2,950 m) and is located in the southern section of the forest.

The forest headquarters is located in Sheridan, Wyoming. There are local ranger district offices in Buffalo, Greybull, and Sheridan.[5] Visitor centers are located at Burgess Junction and near Shell Falls. Burgess Junction, at the intersection of Route 14 and Route 14A about 25 miles from Dayton,[6] also has a ranger station, visitor accommodation, and campgrounds.

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Transcription

This entire trip for us was a trip of discovery exploration finding out all the new things because to be totally honest before departing British Columbia for Florida The only thing I did is I looked on Google maps and that pop plotted out a course. I wanted to make sure that we go through Yellowstone, Mount Rushmore, South Dakota Joplin, Missouri and then head down into Orlando, Florida. But I didn’t do any research about all these destinations and states and areas would be going through. It just wasn't part of my vocabulary for whatever reason- I can't explain it. But that to me was one of the best parts of the trip because if i had come totally equip-knowing everything then the wonder of what we saw would have been lost to an extent. and it was wondrous. I had little knowledgeable about what Wyoming was like. Aside of having seen a few westerns and having seen it is some movies about fly-fishing on rivers or whatever. I didn’t know about Wyoming And so we drop into Wyoming from Yellowstone National Park - Up at seven eight thousand whatever feet elevation with snow. We go through the red rocks and now that we're leaving Wyoming we’re climbing higher and higher up into the mountains and for me again, this was all Discovery, exploration and there’s a little story about that When I was younger I had a lot of different jobs. I’ve worked in stores and there was one time when I was working in a department store as a sales associate or whatever And I was thinking to myself man this life is really boring. I mean how much worse can it get. I felt like Al Bundy in ‘Married with children’ episodes when he was a shoe salesman and I was thinking to myself “You know if this was back in the western Days, I’d be the guy that would be looking after the store. I wouldn't be the cowboy or riding the range or I wouldn't be a gunfighter or somebody you know exploring, doing all these things I’d be that boring person in a store. So now here we are Cindy & I out Discovering, exploring - seeing things that you just - wouldn't believe it We’re going to up into the mountains of Wyoming. Higher and higher and suddenly we come across these unbelievable tracks of forest that are dying! They are dying. Now, we have seen this in British Columbia - pine beetles - They have killed virtually untold thousands and tens and hundreds of thousands of forest, but now we're finding it in Wyoming It’s sad. For me the reason it's sad is that I realized that all of these trees; the brown ones you see are dead. And virtually any lightening strike, anytime, could ignite a forest fire that is unimaginable And when a forest fires rage it doesn't just kill or burn up the dead trees, but everything in its way. That includes animals and nature. It’s a devastating thing But among all this devastation with the dead pine trees, there still is so much beauty It’s ike alpine meadows, green. this was July I think maybe second or third There’s green alpine meadows, there's yellow flowers, purple flowers, all sorts of different things We didn't see any bighorn sheep which apparently there are lots around this area or elk But still the natural beauty is just something that you really have to go and experience (music) That’s where we came from and up here the wind is blowing. Obviously you can hear that on the microphone. I don’t have a wind sock on it. We’re leaving that wild I don’t even know how to describe it. Wild west kind of terrain And we’re entering up into alpine country and wild flowers are blooming birds are singing The air is cooler and snow patch are starting to appear above us. Absolutely stunning, I never would have thought of this for Wyoming But the damage caused by the beetles in the mountains is unbelievable. It’s sad. If people have a chanceto come out & view this come out & experience this, do it because basically one good lightening strike up there and the whole mountain is going to be burned off It’s really amazing to think that you're still climbing higher and higher and this is just so beautiful all around with the wildflowers But I’ve got to tell you. If you're planning a trip here. First of all, there’s lots of campgrounds bring your Trailer, camper or RV. We saw a lot of RV’s pulling vehicles. So the climb rate is still pretty gradual. But you should have your vehicle in really good working condition because There are not service stations to be found all over the place. It’s really isolated. you can get up here and not see a community literally for an hour or longer. It’s just such a beautiful place to get away the sky, the air is clear. It’s clean. It’s cold even in July because there’s snow And the rate of clime is so gradual that you really don't realize how high you have come Until you see a sign by the road. Granite Pass, 9033 feet. We’re over 9000 feet of elevation. That’s even higher than yesterday. It’s spectacularly beautiful and for Cindy & myself or speaking for myself the next time we fly it's it's going to take a new meaning when we are starting to climb with the airplane because many airplanes have these little TV screens in the back of the seats and you can see the elevation after the airplane takes off - three thousand, four thousand, five thousand feet But this is nine thousand feet height. Nine thousand thirty three feet. And there’s this giant plateau & you can still see mountains in the distance climbing higher. But you're on this huge plateau traveling along. The road is phenomenal. I’m able to film relatively stable because the vehicle isn't going through rough patches potholes or frosty heaves. It is absolutely stunning! For all intents and purposes this looks like a little highway with Forest on either side And hills The only thing is, is that were at an elevation Of just over nine thousand feet. And I pulled up my window because it’s cool. This is like no mountain top I’ve ever been on. It’s so deceptive. It’s seems like a big flat area. Some said it’s a plateau but . . .it’s so deceptive. It’s beautiful. (instrumental music) We’ve been looking for elk, but we haven’t seen any yet. 9000 feet on top of a mountain! Unreal!

History

The Bighorn National Forest was established as the Big Horn National Forest on 22 February 1897, and encompasses 1,198,080 acres. On 1 July 1908 the name was changed to the Bighorn National Forest through an executive order. In September 1981 the national forest had 1,115,171 acres, with 1,107,670 of those acres being National Forest land.[7]

Men work on the Dayton-Kane road over the mountains in the 1920s

Climate

According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, the Bighorn National Forest has a mostly subarctic climate, abbreviated "Dfc" on climate maps.

Climate data for Burgess Junction, Wyoming, 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1960–present
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °F (°C) 57
(14)
56
(13)
57
(14)
70
(21)
75
(24)
87
(31)
88
(31)
88
(31)
81
(27)
74
(23)
65
(18)
55
(13)
88
(31)
Mean maximum °F (°C) 46.7
(8.2)
45.7
(7.6)
50.0
(10.0)
57.8
(14.3)
67.2
(19.6)
74.8
(23.8)
81.1
(27.3)
79.8
(26.6)
75.8
(24.3)
65.5
(18.6)
53.2
(11.8)
46.1
(7.8)
82.0
(27.8)
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 29.8
(−1.2)
29.4
(−1.4)
35.2
(1.8)
40.5
(4.7)
49.8
(9.9)
61.4
(16.3)
70.8
(21.6)
69.7
(20.9)
60.6
(15.9)
46.3
(7.9)
35.6
(2.0)
28.6
(−1.9)
46.5
(8.0)
Daily mean °F (°C) 18.9
(−7.3)
18.1
(−7.7)
23.8
(−4.6)
29.4
(−1.4)
38.9
(3.8)
48.4
(9.1)
56.4
(13.6)
55.4
(13.0)
46.9
(8.3)
34.6
(1.4)
25.2
(−3.8)
18.4
(−7.6)
34.5
(1.4)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 8.1
(−13.3)
6.7
(−14.1)
12.5
(−10.8)
18.3
(−7.6)
28.0
(−2.2)
35.4
(1.9)
41.9
(5.5)
41.0
(5.0)
33.2
(0.7)
22.9
(−5.1)
14.7
(−9.6)
8.1
(−13.3)
22.6
(−5.2)
Mean minimum °F (°C) −15.2
(−26.2)
−16.5
(−26.9)
−8.2
(−22.3)
0.3
(−17.6)
12.7
(−10.7)
25.5
(−3.6)
32.3
(0.2)
30.7
(−0.7)
19.0
(−7.2)
1.3
(−17.1)
−9.4
(−23.0)
−16.3
(−26.8)
−25.5
(−31.9)
Record low °F (°C) −44
(−42)
−45
(−43)
−24
(−31)
−18
(−28)
0
(−18)
5
(−15)
21
(−6)
20
(−7)
−5
(−21)
−22
(−30)
−28
(−33)
−48
(−44)
−48
(−44)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 1.42
(36)
1.67
(42)
2.08
(53)
2.79
(71)
3.50
(89)
2.41
(61)
1.57
(40)
1.20
(30)
2.02
(51)
2.30
(58)
1.62
(41)
1.54
(39)
24.12
(611)
Average snowfall inches (cm) 31.7
(81)
32.6
(83)
35.3
(90)
36.8
(93)
19.3
(49)
3.3
(8.4)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.25)
6.3
(16)
24.3
(62)
27.7
(70)
31.9
(81)
249.3
(633.65)
Average extreme snow depth inches (cm) 31.3
(80)
34.9
(89)
40.5
(103)
38.7
(98)
17.5
(44)
2.0
(5.1)
0.0
(0.0)
0.1
(0.25)
4.3
(11)
11.9
(30)
17.6
(45)
25.6
(65)
49.0
(124)
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) 10.1 9.3 10.4 12.0 9.3 6.3 4.9 7.2 4.7 8.7 8.8 9.9 101.6
Average snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) 10.1 9.2 9.8 10.4 5.5 0.9 0.0 0.0 1.8 6.5 8.8 9.7 72.7
Source 1: NOAA[8]
Source 2: National Weather Service[9]

Bald Mountain is a small peak on the northern plateau of the Bighorn Mountains.

Climate data for Bald Mountain, Wyoming, 1991–2020 normals: 9380ft (2859m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 22.8
(−5.1)
24.3
(−4.3)
33.4
(0.8)
40.2
(4.6)
49.0
(9.4)
56.9
(13.8)
66.0
(18.9)
64.6
(18.1)
54.3
(12.4)
39.8
(4.3)
28.7
(−1.8)
21.6
(−5.8)
41.8
(5.4)
Daily mean °F (°C) 16.4
(−8.7)
16.7
(−8.5)
24.1
(−4.4)
30.0
(−1.1)
39.1
(3.9)
47.0
(8.3)
55.4
(13.0)
54.2
(12.3)
45.2
(7.3)
32.4
(0.2)
22.2
(−5.4)
15.5
(−9.2)
33.2
(0.6)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 9.9
(−12.3)
9.1
(−12.7)
14.8
(−9.6)
19.8
(−6.8)
29.1
(−1.6)
37.1
(2.8)
44.8
(7.1)
43.8
(6.6)
36.2
(2.3)
24.9
(−3.9)
15.7
(−9.1)
9.4
(−12.6)
24.5
(−4.1)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.64
(67)
2.51
(64)
2.81
(71)
3.50
(89)
3.81
(97)
3.44
(87)
1.34
(34)
1.13
(29)
2.20
(56)
2.82
(72)
2.37
(60)
2.34
(59)
30.91
(785)
Source 1: XMACIS2[10]
Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation)[11]

The SNOTEL weather station, Bone Springs, is slightly north of Cedar Mountain.

Climate data for Bone Springs Div, Wyoming, 1991–2020 normals: 9350ft (2850m)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) 24.3
(−4.3)
25.8
(−3.4)
33.6
(0.9)
39.3
(4.1)
48.1
(8.9)
56.7
(13.7)
65.5
(18.6)
63.9
(17.7)
54.0
(12.2)
40.8
(4.9)
30.1
(−1.1)
23.1
(−4.9)
42.1
(5.6)
Daily mean °F (°C) 16.7
(−8.5)
17.0
(−8.3)
23.8
(−4.6)
29.2
(−1.6)
38.3
(3.5)
46.6
(8.1)
54.7
(12.6)
53.4
(11.9)
44.7
(7.1)
32.5
(0.3)
22.5
(−5.3)
15.8
(−9.0)
32.9
(0.5)
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) 9.1
(−12.7)
8.2
(−13.2)
14.0
(−10.0)
19.2
(−7.1)
28.5
(−1.9)
36.6
(2.6)
43.8
(6.6)
42.9
(6.1)
35.3
(1.8)
24.2
(−4.3)
14.9
(−9.5)
8.6
(−13.0)
23.8
(−4.5)
Average precipitation inches (mm) 2.24
(57)
2.25
(57)
2.79
(71)
3.47
(88)
3.92
(100)
2.84
(72)
1.59
(40)
1.32
(34)
2.50
(64)
2.81
(71)
2.07
(53)
2.12
(54)
29.92
(761)
Source 1: XMACIS2[12]
Source 2: NOAA (Precipitation)[13]

Ecology and recreation

The Bighorn National Forest contains primarily forest along with alpine meadows and lakes at higher elevations. The forest is primarily lodgepole pine, along with several species of spruce, fir, and aspen. While grizzly bears have not inhabited the forest since the early 20th century, black bears are widespread. Grizzly bears have made a comeback in the decades. Other large mammals include cougars, elk, mule deer, pronghorn, and moose. Coyotes are also present in this forest. Numerous lakes are found within the forest and most are naturally stocked with trout and at least 100 other fish species. Meadowlark Lake is a popular recreation area created by the construction of a dam built by Company 841 of the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1936. Water quality sampling from the lakes shows the highest acid rain deposition of any mountain chain in the Rockies.

Gallery

References

  1. ^ "Land Areas of the National Forest System" (PDF). U.S. Forest Service. January 2012. Retrieved June 30, 2012.
  2. ^ "The National Forests of the United States" (PDF). Forest History Society. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  3. ^ a b wohl, Ellen; cooper, david; Poff, LeRoy; Rahel, Frank; Staley, Dennis; Winters, David. "Assessment of Stream Ecosystem Function and Sensitivity in the Bighorn National Forest, Wyoming" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2012-10-21.
  4. ^ Forest Service
  5. ^ "USFS Ranger Districts by State" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2012-01-19. Retrieved 2009-05-20.
  6. ^ "Burgess Junction Visitor Center". USDA Forest Service: Bighorn National Forest. Retrieved 23 November 2014.
  7. ^ "The National Forests of the United States" (PDF). Forest History Society. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  8. ^ "U.S. Climate Normals Quick Access". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  9. ^ "NOAA Online Weather Data". National Weather Service. Retrieved August 4, 2022.
  10. ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
  11. ^ "Bald Mountain, Wyoming 1991-2020 Monthly Normals". Retrieved October 12, 2023.
  12. ^ "xmACIS2". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved October 12, 2023.
  13. ^ "Bone Springs Div, Wyoming 1991-2020 Monthly Normals". Retrieved October 12, 2023.

Further reading

  • Georgen, Cynde (2010). In the Shadow of the Bighorns: A History of Early Sheridan and the Goose Creek Valley of Northern Wyoming. Sheridan, Wyoming: Sheridan County Historical Society. ISBN 978-0-9792871-7-6.

External links

This page was last edited on 28 May 2024, at 14:51
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