Xiaoyao Faction

Xiaoyao Faction

逍遙派

逍遥派

Literal meaning

Faction of Bystanders

Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin	Xiāo Yáo Pài

The Xiaoyao Faction or Xiaoyao Pai^[1] (Chinese: 逍遥派),^[2] also known as Tea-drinking Faction (喝茶派),^[3] translated into English as Wanderers' Faction^[4] or Faction of Bystanders^[5] or Carefree Clique,^[6] refers to the illiterate or indifferent people who did not belong to any mass organization, who did not engage in any factional struggle,^[7] and who stayed away from radical movements, ^[8] during the Cultural Revolution.^[9] It included some cadres of the Chinese Communist Party, ^[10] and some less active Red Guards.^[11]

The term "xiaoyao" comes from Zhuangzi,^[12] and its original meaning in the phrase "xiaoyao pai" means having no conflicts with the world and being at ease. "Xiaoyao Pai" became a special term during the Cultural Revolution.^[13] They were spectators of the Cultural Revolution.^[14] At the beginning of the Cultural Revolution, there were very few members of the Xiaoyao Faction, but as the movement progressed, its membership gradually expanded.^[15]

The Xiaoyao Faction was used as a term of criticism at the time. It was considered a derogatory term, and members of the so-called Xiaoyao Faction were seen as dishonorable.^[16] However, since the Xiaoyao Faction was a group of "cold-eyed spectators" during the Cultural Revolution, they could obtain rational thinking and political wisdom that the "Rebel Faction" (造反派) could not. Because of this, a new group of independent spiritual bearers emerged from the original "Xiaoyao Faction".^[17]

Notable representatives of the Xiaoyao Faction included Li Yuanchao,^[18] Li Zehou,^[19] Yan Jiaqi,^[20] Liu Zaifu,^[21] Fang Lizhi,^[22] and Xu Liangying.

References

^ Chinese Sociology and Anthropology. M.E. Sharpe. 1986. pp. 85–.
^ Yiching Wu Wu (16 June 2014). The Cultural Revolution at the Margins. Harvard University Press. pp. 244–. ISBN 978-0-674-41986-5.
^ Victor C. Falkenheim (1987). Citizens and Groups in Contemporary China. University of Michigan Press. pp. 83–. ISBN 978-0-89264-066-9.
^ Laifong Leung; Jan Walls (16 September 2016). Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation. Routledge. pp. 477–. ISBN 978-1-315-28827-7.
^ Francis K. T. Mok (25 November 2019). Civilian Participants in the Cultural Revolution: Being Vulnerable and Being Responsible. Routledge. pp. 242–. ISBN 978-0-429-96043-7.
^ Jonathan Fenby (29 May 2008). The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power, 1850 - 2009. Penguin Books. pp. 1997–. ISBN 978-0-14-191761-0.
^ P. C. Sinha (2006). Encyclopaedia of South East and Far East Asia. Anmol Publications. pp. 1852–. ISBN 978-81-261-2646-0.
^ "Xiaoyao Faction - Li Bihua". Apple Daily. 2013-08-14. Archived from the original on 2021-06-21. Retrieved 2020-10-08.
^ Laifong Leung (16 March 1994). Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 306–. ISBN 978-0-7656-3559-4.
^ Hong Yung Lee (14 August 2018). From Revolutionary Cadres to Party Technocrats in Socialist China. University of California Press. pp. 91–. ISBN 978-0-520-30307-2.
^ Ji Fengyuan (30 November 2003). Linguistic Engineering: Language and Politics in Mao's China. University of Hawaii Press. pp. 143–. ISBN 978-0-8248-2536-2.
^ Wang Meng (2003). Wang Meng Text Deposit: Season of Carnival. People's Literature Publishing House. pp. 211–. ISBN 978-7-02-004300-2.
^ Contemporary. People's Literature Publishing House. 2000. pp. 63–.
^ Wang Shaoguang (2009). Failure of Charisma: The Chinese Cultural Revolution in Wuhan. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-962-996-346-0.
^ Yang Jisheng (4 July 2017). The World Turned Upside Down: A History of the Chinese Cultural Revolution. Cosmos Books. pp. 233–. GGKEY:L6GTAS7DJ5F.
^ Sun Nutao (4 September 2020). Torture of Consciousness : Journey of A Group Leader for the Qinghua Cultural Revolution. China Culture Communication Publishing House. pp. 1–.
^ "毛的晚年悖论及其遗产——文革三十年祭" [Mao Zedong's Later Years Paradox and His Legacy: The 30th Anniversary of the Cultural Revolution]. The Chinese University of Hong Kong Press. Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2020.
^ Editorial Department of New Historical Records (25 October 2012). 'New Historical Records' Issue 10: Sent-down youth in power: unpredictable and not to be messed with. New Historical Records Magazine Agency. pp. 96–. ISBN 978-1-63032-334-9.
^ Li Zehou; Ma Qunlin (22 March 2018). The Collected Works of Li Zehou. World Books Publishing Company. pp. 218–. ISBN 978-7-5192-4327-2.
^ Helmut Martin (1995). Criticism and Biography of Chinese Mainland Contemporary Cultural Celebrities: Pioneers of Civil Society. Zhengzhong Bookstore. pp. 329–. ISBN 978-957-09-0972-2.
^ Critic, Volumes 1-2. Critic Magazine Agency. pp. 86–.
^ Yearbook of Chinese People. Huayi Publishing House. 1990. pp. 318–.

v t e Cultural Revolution
Prelude	Anti-Rightist Campaign Great Chinese Famine Great Leap Forward Lushan Conference Seven Thousand Cadres Conference Socialist Education Movement Taoyuan Experience
Major events	Down to the Countryside Movement Cleansing the Class Ranks 12-3 incident January Storm February Countercurrent Wuhan incident 9th Party Congress One Strike-Three Anti Campaign Project 571 Lin Biao incident 10th Party Congress Black Painting incident Criticize Lin, Criticize Confucius Hangzhou incident 1975 Banqiao Dam failure Counterattack the Right-Deviationist Reversal-of-Verdicts Trend 1976 Nanjing incident 1976 Tiananmen Incident
Massacres	Red August Daxing Massacre Guangxi Massacre Inner Mongolia incident Guangdong Massacre Hunan Massacres Daoxian massacre Shaoyang County Massacre Yunnan Massacres Zhao Jianmin Spy Case Shadian incident Ruijin Massacre
Key figures	Mao Zedong Liu Shaoqi Zhou Enlai Lin Biao Deng Xiaoping Gang of Four (Jiang Qing Zhang Chunqiao Yao Wenyuan Wang Hongwen) Peng Dehuai Wu Han Peng Zhen Tao Zhu Chen Boda Wang Dongxing Xie Fuzhi Ji Dengkui Wang Li Qi Benyu Wu Faxian Qiu Huizuo Yang Chengwu Chen Zaidao Kang Sheng Mao Yuanxin Hua Guofeng Ye Jianying
Documents	Bombard the Headquarters Quotations from Chairman Mao Hai Rui Dismissed from Office May 16 Notification Six Articles of Public Security Sweep Away All Cow Demons and Snake Spirits On Class Origins
Concepts	Four Olds Newborn socialist things Struggle session Feudal fascism Big-character poster Cow demons and snake spirits Bloodline theory Continuous Revolution Theory Seizure of power Violent Struggle One Divides into Two Democracy Wall Eight model plays Loyalty dance Capitalist roader Yiku sitian Learn from Daqing in industry Learn from Dazhai in agriculture Stinking Old Ninth Five Black Categories Five Red Categories
Groups	Red Guards Conservative Faction Rebel Faction Scarlet Guards Ultra-Left Faction Xiaoyao Faction May Sixteenth elements Five Man Group Cultural Revolution Group Central Case Examination Group Central Organization and Propaganda Leading Group Hunan Provincial Proletarian Revolutionary Great Alliance Committee Revolutionary committee 8341 Special Regiment Sent-down youth 61 Renegades Barefoot doctor Worker-Peasant-Soldier student May Seventh Cadre School Xiang River Storm and Thunder
Related topics	Maoism Mao Zedong's cult of personality Mango cult Great Leap Forward List of campaigns of the Chinese Communist Party Class struggle Sino-Soviet split Two Whatevers Morning Sun (film) 3rd Plenum of the 11th Central Committee Boluan Fanzheng Scar literature
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This page was last edited on 27 May 2024, at 03:26

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References