The Walla Walla Council (1855) was a meeting in the Pacific Northwest between the United States and sovereign tribal nations of the Cayuse, Nez Perce, Umatilla, Walla Walla, and Yakama.[1] The council occurred on May 29 – June 11;[2] the treaties signed at this council on June 9[3] were ratified by the U.S. Senate four years later in 1859.[4]
These treaties codified the constitutional relationship between the people living on the Nez Perce, Umatilla, and Yakama reservations; it was one of the earliest treaties obtained in the Pacific Northwest.
Washington Territory's first governor Isaac I. Stevens secured this treaty, allowing larger portions of the land to be given to the two largest and most powerful tribes: Yakama and Nez Perce; these reservations encompassed most of their traditional hunting grounds. The smaller tribes moved to the smaller of the three reservations. Stevens was able to acquire forty-five thousand square miles (120,000 km2) of land.[5]
See also
- Yakima War (1855–58)
- Palouse War (1858)
- Nez Perce War (1877)
Notes
- ^ Trafzer, Clifford E. (Fall 2005). "Legacy of the Walla Walla Council, 1855". Oregon Historical Quarterly. 106 (3): 398–411. doi:10.1353/ohq.2005.0006. ISSN 0030-4727. S2CID 166019157.
- ^ "Walla Walla 2020 | Walla Walla Treaty Council of 1855". ww2020.net. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ "Umatilla Relationships with US - Making Treaties". www.trailtribes.org. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ United States Senate (1859). Journal of the Executive Proceedings of the Senate of the United States of America v.11. p. 82.
- ^ Schwantes, Carlos Arnaldo (1996). The Pacific Northwest. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 0-8032-4225-5.
External links
- Stevens Treaty Council of 1855 centennial records at the Whitman College and Northwest Archives, Whitman College.
- "Treaty with the Nez Perce 1855". Center for Columbia River History. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
- "Treaty with the Walla Walla, Cayuse and Umatilla 1855". Center for Columbia River History. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
- "Treaty with the Yakima 1855". Center for Columbia River History. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
- "Walla Walla Council of 1855". Center for Columbia River History. Retrieved 12 March 2007.
This page was last edited on 7 January 2024, at 05:10