To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

How to transfigure the Wikipedia

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

Try it — you can delete it anytime.

Install in 5 seconds
4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
Great Wikipedia has got greater.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Tavoyan dialects

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Tavoyan
Dawei
RegionSoutheast
Ethnicityincl. Taungyo
Native speakers
ca. 440,000 (2000)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3Either:
tvn – Tavoyan proper
tco – Dawei Tavoyan (Taungyo)
Glottologtavo1242  Tavoyan
taun1248  Taungyo

The Tavoyan or Dawei dialect of Burmese (ထားဝယ်စကား) is spoken in Dawei (Tavoy), in the coastal Tanintharyi Region of southern Myanmar (Burma).

Tavoyan retains an /-l-/ medial that has since merged into the /-j-/ medial in standard Burmese and can form the following consonant clusters: /ɡl-/, /kl-/, /kʰl-/, /bl-/, /pl-/, /pʰl-/, /ml-/, /m̥l-/. Examples include မ္လေ (/mlè/ → Standard Burmese /mjè/) for "ground" and က္လောင်း (/kláʊɴ/ → Standard Burmese /tʃáʊɴ/) for "school".[2] Also, voicing can only occur with unaspirated consonants in Tavoyan, whereas in standard Burmese, voicing can occur with both aspirated and unaspirated consonants. Also, there are many loan words from Malay and Thai not found in Standard Burmese. An example is the word for goat, which is hseit (ဆိတ်) in Standard Burmese but bê (ဘဲ့) in Tavoyan, most likely from Mon /həbeˀ/ (ဗၜေံ) or Thai /pʰɛ́ʔ/ (แพะ).[3]

In the Tavoyan dialect, terms of endearment, as well as family terms, are considerably different from Standard Burmese. For instance, the terms for "father" and "mother" are ဖစု (/pʰa̰ òu/) and မိစု (/mḭ òu/) respectively.[4] Moreover, the honorific နောင် (Naung) is used in lieu of မောင် (Maung) for young males.[4]

Rhymes

The following is a list of rhyme correspondences unique to the Tavoyan dialect[5]

Written Burmese Standard Burmese Tavoyan dialect Notes
-င် -န် -မ် /-ɪɴ -aɴ -aɴ/ /-aɴ/
-ဉ် -ျင် /-ɪɴ -jɪɴ/ /-ɪɴ -jɪɴ/
ောင် /-aʊɴ/ /-ɔɴ/
ုန် /-oʊɴ/ /-uːɴ/
ုမ် /-aoɴ/
ိမ် /-eɪɴ/ /-iːɴ/
ုတ် /-oʊʔ/ /-ṵ/
ုပ် /-aoʔ/
-က် -တ် -ပ် /-ɛʔ -aʔ -aʔ/ /-aʔ/
-ိတ် -ိပ် /-eɪʔ/ /-ḭ/
-ည် /-ɛ, -e, -i// /-ɛ/
-စ် -ျက် /-ɪʔ -jɛʔ/ /-ɪʔ -jɪʔ/
ေွ /-we/ /-i/ ေ is pronounced as in standard Burmese
Rhymes
Open syllables weak = ə
full = i, e, ɛ, a, ɔ, o, u
Closed syllables nasal = iːɴ, ɪɴ, aɪɴ, an, ɔɴ, ʊɴ, uːɴ, aoɴ
stop = ɪʔ, aɪʔ, aʔ, ɔʔ, ʊʔ, aoʔ

History

According to Michael Aung-Thwin, the Burmese dialect of Dawei/Tavoy preserved the "spelling (and presumably pronunciation)" of the Old Burmese from the Bagan era. As a result, he suggests that it diverged from other Burmese varieties sometime after the Burmese settlement of Lower Burma under the Bagan era, between the 11th and 13th centuries. He attributes this divergence to a migration of Mon speakers into the area north of Dawei in the late 13th century, which would have cut off Dawei from the main Burmese area.[6]: 112–3 

References

  1. ^ Tavoyan proper at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
    Dawei Tavoyan (Taungyo) at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Htarrwaalhcakarr bamarhcakarr" ထားဝယ်စကား ဗမာစကား (in Burmese). BBC Burmese. 20 May 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  3. ^ Census of India, 1901 – Burma. Vol. XII. Burma: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing. 1902. p. 76.
  4. ^ a b "Aalainkar pulellpaann htarrwaal hcakarr" အလင်္ကာပုလဲပန်း ထားဝယ်စကား (in Burmese). BBC Burmese. 10 June 2011. Archived from the original on 23 October 2011. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
  5. ^ Barron, Sandy; John Okell; Saw Myat Yin; Kenneth VanBik; Arthur Swain; Emma Larkin; Anna J. Allott; Kirsten Ewers (2007). Refugees From Burma: Their Backgrounds and Refugee Experiences (PDF) (Report). Center for Applied Linguistics. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2010-08-20.
  6. ^ Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005). The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma (PDF). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. ISBN 0-8248-2886-0. Retrieved 14 January 2024.
  • Wang, Dayou 汪大年 (2007). "Miǎndiànyǔ Dōngyǒu fāngyán" 缅甸语东友方言 [The Taungyo Dialect of Burmese]. Mínzú yǔwén (in Chinese). 2007 (3): 66–80.
This page was last edited on 14 February 2024, at 01:57
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.
Contact WIKI 2
Introduction
Terms of Service
Privacy Policy