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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In genetics, a subclade is a subgroup of a haplogroup.[1]

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Transcription

Naming convention

Although human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y chromosome DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups and subclades are named in a similar manner, their names belong to completely separate systems.[2]

mtDNA

mtDNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers in the hypervariable regions and the coding region of mitochondrial DNA. They are named with the capital letters A through Z, with further subclades named using numbers and lower case letters.[2][3][4]

Y-DNA

Y-DNA haplogroups are defined by the presence of a series of SNP markers on the Y chromosome. Subclades are defined by a terminal SNP, the SNP furthest down in the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree.[5]

Human Y-DNA

The Y Chromosome Consortium (YCC) developed a system of naming major human Y-DNA haplogroups with the capital letters A through T, with further subclades named using numbers and lower case letters (YCC longhand nomenclature). YCC shorthand nomenclature names Y-DNA haplogroups and their subclades with the first letter of the major Y-DNA haplogroup followed by a dash and the name of the defining terminal SNP.[6] Y-DNA haplogroup nomenclature is changing over time to accommodate the increasing number of SNPs being discovered and tested, and the resulting expansion of the Y chromosome phylogenetic tree. This change in nomenclature has resulted in inconsistent nomenclature being used in different sources.[7] This inconsistency, and increasingly cumbersome longhand nomenclature, has prompted a move towards using the simpler shorthand nomenclature.

See also

References

  1. ^ Caselli, Giovanni (21 July 2022). Etruria and the Origins of the Etruscans. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-5275-8475-4.
  2. ^ a b "Understanding Results: mtDNA: How are mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Haplogroups named?". Family Tree DNA. Retrieved 3 April 2013.
  3. ^ "About mtDNA Haplogroups (Maternal Ancient Ancestry)". DNA Ancestry Project. Retrieved 1 April 2013.[permanent dead link]
  4. ^ "Comparison of Y-DNA and mtDNA haplogroups". DNA Ancestry Project. Retrieved 1 April 2013.[permanent dead link]
  5. ^ "myFTDNA 2.0 User Guide: Y-DNA: What is the Y-DNA - Matches page?". Family Tree DNA. Retrieved 31 March 2013. A terminal SNP determines the terminal (final) subbranch on the Y-DNA Tree to which someone belongs.
  6. ^ "Understanding Results: Y-DNA Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP): How are haplogroups and their subclades named?". Family Tree DNA. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
  7. ^ "Understanding Haplogroups: How are the haplogroups named?". Family Tree DNA. Archived from the original on 21 June 2012. Retrieved 31 March 2013.
This page was last edited on 10 May 2024, at 15:25
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