A speed skating rink (or speed skating oval) is an ice rink in which a speed skating competition is held.
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Transcription
My name is Kjeld Nuis. I'm a long distance skater and my goal is to win an Olympic medal. During my first year on the team, I didn't get to participate in the Olympics. This year, I hope to fully make up for that. When Red Bull asked me how they can help to improve my sports performance I involved my coach Jac Orie. We questioned ourselves; can they hep us with something like that where it's never been done before? He suggested a video analysis to investigate my technique from different angles. We hope to see things we have never seen before. Jac Orie is kind of like our ice rink scientist. He is a human movement scientist and approaches things differently. In skating, it's obviously important that you have power and speed. But all these strengths must come together at a single moment to create the ideal forward movement. And finding that precise moment is very difficult. And then he came up with the idea of a video analysis. We shot video footage but with limited results After a conversation with Red Bull, they wanted to help us take it a step further. To shoot images that were really useful to us, ad were far beyond what a commercial team and normal video footage could offer us. In skating it's almost impossible to view all positions simultaneously. There are generally only one of two camera positions. This great system consists of a steel arch fitted with 60 cameras that were all shot at the same instance. This means that we can view skaters from angles that we've never seen before and in 60 different positions. We also strung a cable along the entire straight of the rink and used this to shoot unique footage from above and diagonally above. Once a cable with a camera runs along the rink and a skater can be viewed from above, it becomes possible to determine the direction of his body and his skates during forward movement. I hope that Jac can find things that I'm not doing 100% correctly. If everything is okay, that's great, but I can learn from mistakes and improve them. The final goal is to become as quick as possible. I'm sure that this could make the difference between winning a medal or not. Sometimes, very small factors can make the difference, especially if they haven't been thoroughly analyzed. I also want to find things that I simply haven't known before. If you've never seen things from a certain perspective, you have to question everything you come across. Today, we'll focus on three points. When the front end of one foot is near the heel of the other as you push forward, then we'll look at your vertical angle in relation to the ice, to make sure that you're not leaning to the side. I want to check the angle of your knee at the precise moment you push forward. And the direction you follow in relation to the ice. Right now, your toe is at your heel and we've checked how you place your foot in relation to the straight line. You actually do that really well. If the angle was below ten degrees, you'd be overcompensating and holding yourself back, which would slow you down. Do you remember what we did in Salt Lake City last year? When Wouter showed us that you began to lean forward, this is still around 106 degrees. That's great, but here you're getting a little tired as you go under the camera arch. You'll see that you're leaning forward a little bit. You can see that here too; you're feeling tired and your body's leaning forward. Do you see that? It's a 5 degree difference. As you push forward, your body follows. You should maintain momentum as you push instead of allowing your body to follow your leg. You always want to achieve the maximum results possible and be the fastest and the best. Because if you want to make a difference, you have to start somewhere. Sometimes, very small factors can make the difference, and I think that this will help us improve even more.
The rink
A standard long track speed skating track is, according to the regulations of the International Skating Union (ISU), a double-laned track with two curved ends each of 180°, in which the radius of the inner curve is not less than 25 metres and not more than 26 metres. The width of the competition lanes is 4 metres. At the opposite straight of the finishing line, there is a crossing area, where the skaters must change lane.[1]
At international competitions, the track must be 400 metres long, with a warm-up lane at least 4 metres wide inside the competition lanes.[2] For Olympic competitions, the track must also be enclosed within a building.[3]
The design and dimensions of a speed skating track have remained more or less unchanged since the foundation of ISU in 1892.
The speed skating track is also used for the sports of Icetrack cycling and Ice speedway
Measurement and demarcation
The measurement of the track is made half a meter into the lane.[4] The total length of the track is the distance a competitor skates each lap, i.e. the length of two straights, one inner curve and one outer curve, in addition to the extra distance skated when changing lanes in the cross-over area, which on a standard track equals 7 centimeters.
- A 400 m track with inner radius 25.0 m has 113.57 m long straights
- A 400 m track with inner radius 25.5 m has 112.00 m long straights
- A 400 m track with inner radius 26.0 m has 110.43 m long straights
The demarcation of the competition lanes are made by painted lines in the ice (or a set of painted marks) and movable blocks of rubber. On outdoor tracks, snow may also be used for demarcation of the competition lanes.[5]
Alternative speed skating tracks
Although ISU regulations state that minimum measures for a standard speed skating track, alternative track lengths may be used for competition. The minimum requirements are track length on 200 meters, radius of inner curve of 15 meters and width of the competition lanes 2 meters.[6]
Short track speed skating tracks have a length of 111.111 metres (364.54 ft). The rink is 60 metres (200 ft) long by 30 metres (98 ft) wide, which is the same size as an international-sized ice hockey rink.
Combination with other sports
Many speed skating venues have ice hockey rinks or no ice area at all inside the oval. A few are suitable also for bandy, like Hamar Olympic Hall,[7] Ice Palace Krylatskoye,[8] and Medeu.[9] The Beijing National Speed Skating Oval in Beijing, China, which is in the process of being built for the 2022 Winter Olympics, is also designed appropriately for that sport.[10][11] There is a growing cooperation between International Skating Union and Federation of International Bandy, since both have an interest in more indoor venues with large ice surfaces being built.[12] In Norway there is an agreement in place, stating that an indoor arena intended primarily for either bandy or long track speed skating, shall have ice surface for the other sport as well.
Indoor speed skating tracks
Below is a complete list of the indoor 400 m speed skating tracks around the world. The data presented are retrieved from the online database Speed Skating News.[13]
Country | City | Track name | Elevation (m) | Finished |
---|---|---|---|---|
Belarus | Minsk | Minsk Arena | 209 | 2010 |
Canada | Calgary | Olympic Oval | 1105 | 1987 |
Canada | Fort St. John | Pomeroy Sport Centre | 671 | 2009 |
Canada | Richmond | Richmond Olympic Oval | 4 | 2008* |
China | Changchun | Jilin Provincial Speed Skating Rink | 210 | 2005 |
China | Daqing | Daqing Stadium | 149 | 2005 |
China | Harbin | Heilongjiang Indoor Rink | 141 | 1995 |
China | Qiqihar | Indoor Icerink | 146 | 2007 |
China | Shenyang | Bayi Speed Skating Oval | 48 | 1999 |
China | Ürümqi | Xinjiang Ice Sport Centre | 1710 | 2015 |
Germany | Berlin | Sportforum Hohenschönhausen | 34 | 1985 |
Germany | Erfurt | Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann Halle | 214 | 2001 |
Germany | Inzell | Max Aicher Arena | 690 | 2011 |
Italy | Torino | Oval Lingotto | 233 | 2005 |
Japan | Nagano | M-Wave | 346 | 1996 |
Japan | Obihiro | Meiji Hokkaido-Tokachi Oval | 79 | 2009 |
Kazakhstan | Astana | Alau Ice Palace | 348 | 2011 |
Netherlands | Breda | Kunstijsbaan Breda | 5 | 2001 |
Netherlands | Dronten | Leisure World Ice Center | -3 | 1998 |
Netherlands | Enschede | IJsbaan Twente | 27 | 2008 |
Netherlands | Groningen | Kardinge | 0 | 1993 |
Netherlands | Heerenveen | Thialf | 0 | 1986 |
Netherlands | Hoorn | De Westfries | 0 | 2006 |
Netherlands | Tilburg | Ireen Wüst IJsbaan | 13 | 2009 |
Netherlands | Leeuwarden | Elfstedenhal | 0 | 2015 |
Norway | Botngård, Bjugn | Fosenhallen | 8 | 2007 |
Norway | Hamar | Vikingskipet | 125 | 1992 |
Norway | Stavanger | Sørmarka Arena | 48 | 2010 |
Poland | Tomaszów Mazowiecki | Ice Arena Tomaszów Mazowiecki | 153 | 2017 |
Russia | Chelyabinsk | Uralskaya Molniya | 222 | 2005 |
Russia | Kolomna | Speed Skating Centre | 120 | 2006 |
Russia | Moscow | Ice Palace Krylatskoye | 127 | 2004 |
Russia | Sochi | Adler Arena Skating Center | 5 | 2012 |
Russia | Irkutsk | Ice Palace Baikal | 420 | 2020 |
Russia | Kemerovo | Ice Palace Kuzbass | 2021 | |
South Korea | Gangneung | Gangneung Oval | 26 | 2015 |
South Korea | Seoul | Taereung Indoor Ice Rink | 63 | 2000 |
Sweden | Gothenburg | Rudhallen | 40 | 2002 |
USA | West Allis, Milwaukee | Pettit National Ice Center | 216 | 1993 |
USA | Kearns, Salt Lake City | Utah Olympic Oval | 1423 | 2000 |
- Note: The Richmond Olympic Oval was dismantled upon completion of the 2010 Winter Olympics and is no longer used for speed skating. However, if the need arises the speed skating rink can be reinstalled.
Other major speed skating tracks
In the table below, some of the world's major outdoor speed skating tracks still in use are listed. This is not a complete list of speed skating venues, but lists most of the outdoor tracks used for world cup competitions and championships the past years. The data in the table are retrieved from the Speed Skating News database.[13]
Country | City | Track name | Altitude (meters) | Finished | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Austria | Innsbruck | Olympia Eisstadion | 586 | 1963 | Winter Olympics 1964 and 1976 |
Canada | Halifax | Emera Oval | 30 | 2011 | |
Canada | Québec City | Anneau Gaétan-Boucher | 103 | 1972 | Artificial ice in 1985, now closed, converted to an indoor oval. The building complex is now as know the « Centre de Glaces » for autumn 2021. This oval is now covered and should be on the indoor list as of Fall(?) 2022. The name of the 400 m ice track hasn't changed. |
Canada | Saskatoon | Clarence Downey Oval | 485 | 1947 | Natural ice |
Canada | Winnipeg | Susan Auch Oval | 234 | 1979 | Natural ice |
Finland | Helsinki | Oulunkylän Liikuntapuisto | 39 | 1977 | |
Finland | Seinäjoki | Jääurheilukeskus | 44 | 1952 | |
Hungary | Budapest | Városligeti Műjégpálya | 115 | 1968 | |
Italy | Baselga di Piné | Ice Rink Piné | 998 | 1985 | Winter Olympics 2026, to expand for indoor configuration. |
Italy | Collalbo | Arena Ritten | 1173 | 1989 | |
Kazakhstan | Almaty | Medeu | 1691 | 1951 | Artificial ice in 1972, Included in the defeated bid for 2014 and 2022 Winter Olympics in Almaty. |
Netherlands | Amsterdam | Jaap Eden IJsbaan | -5 | 1961 | |
Netherlands | Deventer | De Scheg | 6 | 1992 | Semi-covered |
Netherlands | The Hague | De Uithof | 0 | 1989 | Semi-covered |
Netherlands | Haarlem | IJsbaan Kennemerland | 0 | 1977 | Semi-covered |
Netherlands | Utrecht | De Vechtsebanen | -2 | 1970 | Semi-covered |
Norway | Oslo | Frogner stadion | 42 | 1914 | Artificial ice in 2010 |
Norway | Oslo | Valle Hovin | 92 | 1966 | Included in the cancelled bid for 2022 Winter Olympics in Oslo and Lillehammer. |
Poland | Warsaw | Tor Stegny | 82 | 1979 | |
Poland | Zakopane | Tor Cos | 932 | 1956 | Included in the cancelled bid for 2022 Winter Olympics in Krakow. |
Switzerland | Davos | Eisstadion Davos | 1560 | 1894 | Natural ice, Included in the cancelled bid for 2022 Winter Olympics in Kanton of Graubünden. |
USA | Lake Placid | James B. Sheffield Olympic Skating Rink | 568 | 1977 | Winter Olympics 1980, Winter Universiade 2023. |
USA | Roseville | John Rose Minnesota Oval | 276 | 1993 | Refrigerated Ice |
References
- ^ [ISU Special Regulations and Technical Rules] - Rule 203
- ^ ISU Special Regulations and Technical Rules - Rule 205
- ^ ISU Special Regulations and Technical Rules - Rule 206
- ^ ISU Special Regulations and Technical Rules - Rule 228
- ^ ISU Special Regulations and Technical Rules - Rule 226
- ^ ISU Special Regulations and Technical Rules - Rule 204
- ^ bandyforbundet.no
- ^ image at rsport.ru
- ^ image at on.kz, via Wayback Machine
- ^ Beijing unveils design of speed skating venue for Olympics
- ^ "Сайт любителей русского хоккея — www.kuzbassbandyclub.ru".
- ^ kuzbassbandyclub.ru
- ^ a b Speed Skating News