Short ciliary nerves

Short ciliary nerves
Plan of oculomotor nerve. (Short ciliary labeled at center right.)
Details
From	Ciliary ganglion
Identifiers
Latin	nervi ciliares breves
TA98	A14.3.02.005
TA2	6664
FMA	75474
Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy [edit on Wikidata]

The short ciliary nerves are nerves of the orbit around the eye. They are branches of the ciliary ganglion. They supply parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers to the ciliary muscle, iris, and cornea. Damage to the short ciliary nerve may result in loss of the pupillary light reflex, or mydriasis.

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Transcription

Structure

The short ciliary nerves are branches of the ciliary ganglion.^[1] They arise from the forepart of the ganglion in two bundles connected with its superior and inferior angles. The lower bundle is the larger than the upper bundle. These split into between 6 and 10 filaments.

They run forward with the ciliary arteries in a wavy course.^[1] One bundle is set above the optic nerve, while the other bundle is set below it. They are accompanied by the long ciliary nerves from the nasociliary.

They pierce the sclera at the back part of the bulb of the eye, pass forward in delicate grooves on the inner surface of the sclera, and are distributed to the ciliary muscle, iris, and cornea.

Function

The short ciliary nerves contain both parasympathetic and sympathetic nerve fibers. The parasympathetic fibers arise from the Edinger-Westphal nucleus and synapse in the ciliary ganglion via the oculomotor nerve, the postganglionic parasympathetics leave the ciliary ganglion in the short ciliary nerve and supply the ciliary body and iris. The sympathetic fibers are provided by the superior cervical ganglion, and reach the ganglion either as branches of the nasociliary nerve or directly from the extension of the plexus on the ophthalmic artery (sympathetic branch to ciliary ganglion). The sympathetics are non-specific and provide vasoconstriction of the globe.

Clinical significance

Damage to the short ciliary nerve may result in loss of the pupillary light reflex,^[2] or mydriasis.

Additional images

Scheme showing sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation of the pupil and sites of lesion in a Horner's syndrome.
Sympathetic connections of the ciliary and superior cervical ganglia.
Pathways in the ciliary ganglion.

References

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page 889 of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy (1918)

^ ^a ^b Wilhelm, Helmut (2011). "16 - Disorders of the pupil". Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 102. Elsevier. pp. 427–466. doi:10.1016/B978-0-444-52903-9.00022-4. ISBN 978-0-444-52903-9. ISSN 0072-9752. PMID 21601076.
^ Corbett, James J. (2005). "9 - The Pupil". Peripheral Neuropathy. Vol. 1 (4th ed.). Saunders. pp. 203–215. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7216-9491-7.50012-0. ISBN 978-0-7216-9491-7.

External links

"3-11". Cranial Nerves. Yale School of Medicine. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
lesson3 at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (orbit4)
cranialnerves at The Anatomy Lesson by Wesley Norman (Georgetown University) (III)

The trigeminal nerve

ophthalmic (V1)

frontal	supratrochlear supraorbital
nasociliary	long ciliary infratrochlear posterior ethmoidal anterior ethmoidal external nasal sensory root of ciliary ganglion ciliary ganglion
lacrimal

maxillary (V2)

in middle cranial fossa	middle meningeal
in pterygopalatine fossa	zygomatic zygomaticotemporal zygomaticofacial infraorbital posterior superior alveolar middle superior alveolar anterior superior alveolar

mandibular (V3)

in middle cranial fossa	meningeal
anterior division	to muscles of mastication medial pterygoid/to tensor veli palatini lateral pterygoid masseteric deep temporal buccal
posterior division	auriculotemporal otic ganglion lingual submandibular ganglion inferior alveolar mylohyoid mental

Anatomy of the autonomic nervous system

Head

Sympathetic	Cervical ganglia: roots long ciliary Deep petrosal
Parasympathetic	Ciliary ganglion Roots Short ciliary Pterygopalatine ganglion deep petrosal nerve of pterygoid canal branches of distribution: greater palatine inferior posterior nasal branches lesser palatine nasopalatine medial superior posterior nasal branches pharyngeal Submandibular ganglion Otic ganglion

Neck

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Cervical ganglia Superior Middle Inferior Stellate ganglion prevertebral plexus: Cavernous plexus Internal carotid

Thorax

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Thoracic ganglia prevertebral plexus: Cardiac plexus Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Thoracic aortic plexus splanchnic nerves: cardiopulmonary thoracic cardiac nerves: Superior Middle Inferior

Abdomen

Sympathetic

paravertebral ganglia: Lumbar ganglia

prevertebral plexus:
Celiac plexus

aorticorenal
- Abdominal aortic plexus
- Renal/Suprarenal
Superior mesenteric
- Gastric
Inferior mesenteric
- Spermatic
- Ovarian
Superior hypogastric
- hypogastric nerve
- Superior rectal
Inferior hypogastric

splanchnic nerves: Lumbar splanchnic nerves

Enteric

Pelvis

Sympathetic	paravertebral ganglia: Sacral ganglia Ganglion impar splanchnic nerves: Sacral splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic	splanchnic nerves: Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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