Sham feeding is any procedure that mimics normal food consumption but where food and drink are not actually digested or absorbed. It is generally used in experiments studying hunger, eating or digestion, and is a predominant method used in studying binge eating disorder.[1] In animal research it often involves inserting a tube into either the oesophagus or stomach, that leaks out anything that has been swallowed.[2] Animals who are sham fed in this manner eat and swallow almost continually without becoming satiated.[2] Chewing gum can also be considered sham feeding,[3][4] as whilst very-little or no nutrients are being absorbed into the body, the process of chewing still stimulates digestive system nerves which trigger the release of gastrointestinal hormones, and also increase the production of both saliva and pancreatic secretions.[3] In human studies a process known as modified sham feeding (MSF) is typically used, which involves smelling, tasting and chewing food, then spitting it out when it would normally be swallowed.[5][6]
References
- ^ Corwin, Rebecca L; Buda-Levin, Ariel (2004). "Behavioral models of binge-type eating". Physiology & Behavior. 82 (1): 123–130. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2004.04.036. PMID 15234600.
- ^ a b Kalat, James W (2013). Biological Psychology, 11th edition. Wadsworth. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-111-83952-9.
- ^ a b "Chewing Gum Associated With Enhanced Bowel Recovery After Colon Surgery". Science Daily. August 19, 2008. Retrieved June 7, 2014.
- ^ Fitzgerald, Edward F.; Ahmed, Irfan (September 10, 2009). "Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Chewing-Gum Therapy in the Reduction of Postoperative Paralytic Ileus Following Gastrointestinal Surgery". World Journal of Surgery. 33 (12): 2557–66. doi:10.1007/s00268-009-0104-5. PMID 19763686.
- ^ Robertson, Denise M (2001). "Prolonged effects of modified sham feeding on energy substrate mobilization". The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 73 (1): 111–117. doi:10.1093/ajcn/73.1.111. PMID 11124759.
- ^ Arosio, Maura (2004). "Effects of modified sham feeding on ghrelin levels in healthy human subjects". The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. 89 (10): 5101–5104. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032222. PMID 15472212.
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