| Semnani | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution | Iran |
| Linguistic classification | Indo-European |
| Subdivisions | |
| Glottolog | semn1249 (Semnani–Biyabuneki) komi1276 (Komisenian) |
The Semnani languages or Komisenian languages are a group of Northwestern Iranian languages,[1] spoken in Semnan province (only 68,700 native speakers in 2019[2]) of Iran that share many linguistic features and structures with Iranian languages. These languages are also called "dialects" in some sources. The Semnani languages are descendants of the extinct Parthian whereas the Caspian languages are descended from the extinct Median.[3]
There are six Semnani languages named in the literature. Some may be dialects, but there is little published work on their relationships.[4]
Cognate sets[5]
| English | Sorkhei | Lasgerdi | Sangsari | Aftari | Biyabunaki | Kurdish |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| horse | esbā | esbe | esbe | espa | esba | hesp |
| girl | dukkey | dot | döt | dut | dut | dot |
| blood | xün | xün | xwîn | |||
| large | masīn | masīn | mas/yale | masīn | mazin | |
| nose | ven | vinī | xunī | vinī | vēnī | vinī, bêvil |
| snow | vār | var | varf | var | vefr, berf | |
| serpent | mohur | mahar | mār | |||
| moon | mūng | māye | māng, mah | |||
| woman | žiki | žaki | žekeyn | džek | džinakā | dženī, žen |
Notes
- ^ Ethnologue listing for Semnani languages
- ^ "Semnani | Ethnologue".
- ^ Lecoq, pg. 297
- ^ C.F. & F.M. Voegelin, Classification and Index of the World's Languages (1977) lists them as dialects of Persian (pg. 185).
Lecoq, pg. 297 lists them as "dialects" as well.
Ethnologue lists Semnani, Sorkhei, Lasgerdi, and Sangsari as languages with Biyabunaki as a possible dialect of Semnani and Aftari as a dialect of Sorkhei.
Linguasphere lists them together in an outer language called Semnani+Sangisari [58-AAC-f] with Semnani and Sangisari listed as inner languages.
Merritt Ruhlen, A Guide to the World's Languages, Volume 1: Classification (1991) lists Semnani and Sangisari as languages in the Semnani subgroup. - ^ Lecoq, pg. 310.
Bibliography
- Borjian, Habib (2008). "The Komisenian Dialect of Aftar". Archiv Orientální. 76: 379–416. doi:10.7916/D8N02H9X.
- Lecoq, Pierre (1989). "Les dialectes caspiens et les dialectes du nord-ouest de l'Iran". In Schmitt, Rüdiger (ed.). Compendium Linguarum Iranicarum. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag. pp. 296–314.
 | This Indo-European languages-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This Iran-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
This page was last edited on 22 February 2024, at 06:47