The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to fiction:
Fiction – narrative which is made up by the author. Literary work, it also includes theatrical, cinematic, documental, and musical work. In contrast to this is non-fiction, which deals exclusively in factual events (for example, biographies, histories). Semi-fiction or a fictionalization is fiction implementing a great deal of non-fiction;[1] for example, a fictional description based on a true story.
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Transcription
In J.R.R.'s world, Gandalf is one of five wizards sent by the Valar to guide the inhabitants of Middle Earth in their struggles against the dark force of Sauron. Gandalf's body was mortal, subject to the physical rules of Middle Earth, but his spirit was immortal, as seen when he died as Gandalf the Grey and resurrected as Gandalf the White. According to the Wachowski's script, an awakened human only has to link up and hack the neon binary code of the Matrix to learn how to fly a helicopter in a matter of seconds. Or if you are the One, or one of the Ones, you don't even need a helicopter, you just need a cool pair of shades. Cheshire cats can juggle their own heads. iPads are rudimentary. No Quidditch match ends until the Golden Snitch is caught. And the answer to the ultimate question of life, the universe, and everything is most certainly 42. Just like real life, fictional worlds operate consistently within a spectrum of physical and societal rules. That's what makes these intricate worlds believable, comprehensible, and worth exploring. In real life, the Law of Gravity holds seven book sets of "Harry Potter" to millions of bookshelves around the world. We know this to be true, but we also know that ever since J.K. typed the words wizard, wand, and "Wingardium Leviosa," that Law of Gravity has ceased to exist on the trillions of pages resting between those bookends. Authors of science fiction and fantasy literally build worlds. They make rules, maps, lineages, languages, cultures, universes, alternate universes within universes, and from those worlds sprout story, after story, after story. When it's done well, readers can understand fictional worlds and their rules just as well as the characters that live in them do and sometimes, just as well or even better than the reader understands the world outside of the book. But how? How can human-made squiggles on a page reflect lights into our eyes that send signals to our brains that we logically and emotionally decode as complex narratives that move us to fight, cry, sing, and think, that are strong enough not only to hold up a world that is completely invented by the author, but also to change the reader's perspective on the real world that resumes only when the final squiggle is reached? I'm not sure anyone knows the answer to that question, yet fantastical, fictional worlds are created everyday in our minds, on computers, even on napkins at the restaurant down the street. The truth is your imagination and a willingness to, figuratively, live in your own world are all you need to get started writing a novel. I didn't dream up Hogwarts or the Star Wars' Cantina, but I have written some science thrillers for kids and young adults. Here are some questions and methods I've used to help build the worlds in which those books take place. I start with a basic place and time. Whether that's a fantasy world or a futuristic setting in the real world, it's important to know where you are and whether you're working in the past, present, or future. I like to create a timeline showing how the world came to be. What past events have shaped the way it is now? Then I brainstorm answers to questions that draw out the details of my fictional world. What rules are in place here? This covers everything from laws of gravity (or not) to the rules of society and the punishments for individuals who break them. What kind of government does this world have? Who has power, and who doesn't? What do people believe in here? And what does this society value most? Then it's time to think about day-to-day life. What's the weather like in this world? Where do the inhabitants live and work and go to school? What do they eat and how do they play? How do they treat their young and their old? What relationships do they have with the animals and plants of the world? And what do those animals and plants look like? What kind of technology exists? Transportation? Communication? Access to information? There's so much to think about! So, spend some time living in those tasks and the answers to those questions, and you're well on your way to building your own fictional world. Once you know your world as well as you hope your reader will, set your characters free in it and see what happens. And ask yourself, "How does this world you created shape the individuals who live in it? And what kind of conflict is likely to emerge?" Answer those questions, and you have your story. Good luck future world-builder!
What type of thing is fiction?
- Product of imagination – Fiction forms pure imagination in the reader, partially because these novels are fabricated from creativity and are not pure truth; when the reader reads a passage from a novel they connect the words to images and visualize the event or situation being read in their imagination, hence the word.
- Source of entertainment – This type of entertainment is usually pursued to escape reality and imagine their own.
- Genre – any category of literature or other forms of art or culture; for example, music, and in general, any type of discourse, whether written or spoken, audial or visual, based on some set of stylistic criteria.
- Opposite of non-fiction – non-fiction is the form of any narrative, account, or other communicative work whose assertions and descriptions are understood to be fact.
Elements of fiction
Character
- Fictional character – person in a narrative work of arts (such as a novel, play, television series or film).
- Protagonist – main character around whom the events of the narrative's plot revolve.
- Antagonist – character, group of characters, or an institution, who oppose the main character.
Plot
- Plot – events that make up a story, particularly: as they relate to one another in a pattern or in a sequence; as they relate to each other through cause and effect; how the reader views the story; or simply by coincidence.
- Subplot – secondary strand of the plot that is a supporting side story for any story or the main plot. Subplots may connect to main plots, in either time and place or in thematic significance. Subplots often involve supporting characters, those besides the protagonist or antagonist.
- Story arc – extended or continuing storyline in episodic storytelling media such as television, comic books, comic strips, boardgames, video games, and films with each episode following a narrative arc. On a television program, for example, the story would unfold over many episodes.
- Narrative structure – structural framework that underlies the order and manner in which a narrative is presented to a reader, listener, or viewer. The narrative text structures are the plot and the setting.
- Monomyth – the hero's journey; it is the common template of a broad category of tales that involve a hero going on an adventure, and in a decisive crisis wins a victory, and then comes home changed or transformed.
Setting
Theme
Style
Types of fiction
Literary fiction
- Literary fiction – type of fiction that focuses more on analyzing the human condition than on plot
Genre fiction
Genre fiction – plot-driven fiction
Genres based on age of reader
Genres based on subject matter
- Mystery fiction
- Fantasy fiction – genre of fiction that uses magic and other supernatural phenomena as a primary element of plot, theme, or setting.
- Science fiction – genre of fiction dealing with the impact of imagined innovations in science or technology, often in a futuristic setting.[2][3][4] Exploring the consequences of such innovations is the traditional purpose of science fiction, making it a "literature of ideas".[5]
- Pornography
- Erotica – works of art, including literature, photography, film, sculpture and painting, that deal substantively with erotically stimulating or sexually arousing descriptions.
Genres based on form
Genres based on the length of the work
- Flash fiction - A work of fewer than 2,000 words. (1,000 by some definitions) (around 5 pages)
- Short story - A work of at least 2,000 words but under 7,500 words (between about 10 and 40 pages).
- Novella - A work of at least 17,500 words but under 50,000 words (90-170 pages).[6] The boundary between a long short story and a novella is vague.[7]
- Novel - A work of 50,000 words or more (about 170+ pages).
- Epic - A long poem.
Other genres
Fictional elements
- Libraries and librarians in fiction
- Fictional animals
- Fictional locations
- Category:Lists of fictional things
- All pages beginning with "List of fiction(al)..."
- All pages beginning with "Lists of fiction(al)..."
History of fiction
By content
By form
By length
Uses of fiction
Narrative technique
Narrative technique – any of several specific methods the creator of a narrative uses to convey what they want — in other words, a strategy used in the making of a narrative to relay information to the audience and, particularly, to "develop" the narrative, usually in order to make it more complete, complicated, or interesting.
Authors of fiction
Fantasy fiction authors
- Piers Anthony – Xanth
- Julian May – Saga of Pliocene Exile, Galactic Milieu Series
- J. K. Rowling – Harry Potter
- J. R. R. Tolkien – The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings
- Stephenie Meyer – Twilight
- C. S. Lewis – The Chronicles of Narnia
Horror fiction authors
Science fiction authors
- Isaac Asimov – Foundation series
- Arthur C. Clarke – 2001: A Space Odyssey film
- Philip K. Dick – Ubik, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
- Robert A. Heinlein – Stranger in a Strange Land, Starship Troopers
- Frank Herbert – Dune
Comic authors
- Jean Giraud – Blueberry, Arzach
- Stan Lee – Marvel Comics
- Will Eisner – Spirit, A Contract with God
- Alan Moore – Watchmen, V for Vendetta
See also
References
- ^ Whiteman, G.; Phillips, N. (13 December 2006). "The Role of Narrative Fiction and Semi-Fiction in Organizational Studies". ERIM Report Series Research in Management. ISSN 1566-5283. SSRN 981296.
- ^ "Science fiction - Definition and More". Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ "Definition of science fiction noun". Cambridge Dictionary Online. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ "science fiction definition". Dictionary - MSN Encarta. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 17 July 2010.
- ^ Marg Gilks; Paula Fleming & Moira Allen (2003). "Science Fiction: The Literature of Ideas". WritingWorld.com.
- ^ Milhorn, H. Thomas. (2006). Writing Genre Fiction: A Guide to the Craft. Universal Publishers: Boca Raton. pp. 3-4.
- ^ J. A. Cuddon, The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms (1992). London:Penguin Books, 1999, p. 600.