S100A12

S100A12
Available structures PDB Human UniProt search: PDBe RCSB List of PDB id codes 1E8A, 1GQM, 1ODB, 2M9G, 2WC8, 2WCB, 2WCE, 2WCF
Identifiers
Aliases	S100A12, CAAF1, CAGC, CGRP, ENRAGE, MRP-6, MRP6, p6, S100 calcium binding protein A12, EN-RAGE
External IDs	OMIM: 603112 HomoloGene: 48361 GeneCards: S100A12
Gene location (Human) Chr. Chromosome 1 (human)[1] Band 1q21.3 Start 153,373,711 bp[1] End 153,375,621 bp[1]
RNA expression pattern Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in trabecular bone monocyte bone marrow bone marrow cells blood right lung periodontal fiber spleen upper lobe of left lung gums n/a More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Gene ontology Molecular function calcium ion binding zinc ion binding metal ion binding protein binding RAGE receptor binding copper ion binding Cellular component cytoplasm cytosol membrane plasma membrane extracellular region cytoskeleton nucleus secretory granule lumen Biological process mast cell activation positive regulation of inflammatory response positive regulation of MAP kinase activity monocyte chemotaxis immune system process defense response to fungus neutrophil chemotaxis defense response to bacterium positive regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity positive regulation of I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling xenobiotic metabolic process innate immune response inflammatory response neutrophil degranulation antimicrobial humoral immune response mediated by antimicrobial peptide killing of cells of other organism Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 6283 n/a Ensembl ENSG00000163221 n/a UniProt P80511 n/a RefSeq (mRNA) NM_005621 n/a RefSeq (protein) NP_005612 n/a Location (UCSC) Chr 1: 153.37 – 153.38 Mb n/a PubMed search [2] n/a
Wikidata
View/Edit Human

S100 calcium-binding protein A12 (S100A12) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the S100A12 gene.^[3][4] Human S100A12, also known as calgranulin C, was first described in 1995.^[5]

The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs.

Function

Generally, S100A12 has a significant anti-infectious and antibacterial role that is related to its ability to uptake ions. For example, it inhibits the spread and virulence of H. pylori.^[6][7]

Tissue distribution

Neutrophils and monocytes / macrophages are important source of S100A12 in the cell^[8] although some epithelial cells and dendritic cells are capable of its secretion.^[9] Some tissues are rich in these cells, and so in this protein. These include the spleen or lungs. It occurs intracellularly but is also produced into the extracellular environment where it occurs as a homodimer or hexamer.^[10]

Clinical significance

Its presence is associated with cardiovascular and kidney diseases.^[10] Like other S100 proteins, S100A12 signals through the RAGE receptor and TLR. In general, this signalling leads to cytokine production, chemotaxis and increased oxidative stress. In endothelial cells, this signaling leads to activation of NFκB, under which the production of adhesion molecules such as ICAMs, VCAM or selectins is increased.^[10] This protein is proposed to be involved in specific calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways and its regulatory effect on cytoskeletal components may modulate various neutrophil activities.^[4]

Cascades that are triggered by interaction of S100A12 with RAGE may play an important role in renal failure in hemodialysis patients. The relationship between S100A12 and renal dialysis mortality rates has been repeatedly reported. S100A12 may play a role in monitoring SLE patients as a marker of kidney damage in glomerulonephritis.^[11][12] It is also associated with gastrointestinal diseases. In inflammatory bowel diseases, it significantly correlates with disease activity and, together with other 100S family proteins, can predict disease relapse.^[13][14]

References

Further reading

This page was last edited on 6 May 2024, at 08:28