Revelation 22

Revelation 22
← chapter 21
Erasmus Text of the New Testament, last page (Revelation 22:8-21), 1516.
Book	Book of Revelation
Category	Apocalypse
Christian Bible part	New Testament
Order in the Christian part	27

Revelation 22 is the twenty-second and final chapter of the Book of Revelation or the Apocalypse of John, and the final chapter of the New Testament and of the Christian Bible. The book is traditionally attributed to John of Patmos.^[1]^[2]^[3] This chapter contains the accounts of the throne of God in the New Jerusalem, the conversation between John and the Angel and the epilogue of the book.^[4]

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Transcription

Text

The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 21 verses.

Textual witnesses

Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are among others:^[5]^[a]

Codex Sinaiticus (330–360)
Codex Alexandrinus (400–440)

Old Testament references

New Testament references

References to Jesus

Verse 13

I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning and the End, the First and the Last.^[8]

Cross reference: Revelation 21:6
"The Beginning and the End, the First and the Last" (KJV; NKJV): NU and M^[b] read "First and the Last, the Beginning and the End".^[9]

Labarum: Chi-rho with alpha and omega
Mural painting from the catacomb of Commodilla. Bust of Christ, (one of the first bearded images of Christ) with alpha and omega. Late 4th century
Alpha Α and Omega Ω stained glass window, circa 1883, near the front door of St. Paul's Episcopal Church in Milwaukee, Wisconsin

Verse 14

Blessed are those who wash their robes. They will be permitted to enter through the gates of the city and eat the fruit from the tree of life.^[10]

Verse 15

Outside the city are the dogs—the sorcerers, the sexually immoral, the murderers, the idol worshipers, and all who love to live a lie.^[11]

Verse 16

"I, Jesus, have sent My angel to testify to you these things in the churches.

I am the Root and the Offspring of David, the Bright and Morning Star."^[12]

Notes

^ The Book of Revelation is missing from Codex Vaticanus,^[6] and this chapter is missing from Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus.
^ NU: 'the 27th edition of the Nestle-Aland Greek New Testament' and 'the 4th edition United Bible Societies'; M: 'the Greek New Testament According to the Majority Text'.

References

^ Davids, Peter H (1982). I Howard Marshall and W Ward Gasque (ed.). New International Greek Testament Commentary: The Epistle of James (Repr. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. ISBN 0802823882.
^ Evans, Craig A (2005). Craig A Evans (ed.). Bible Knowledge Bac kground Commentary: John, Hebrews-Revelation. Colorado Springs, Colo.: Victor. ISBN 0781442281.
^ F. L. Cross, The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, (New York: Oxford University Press, 1997), 45
^ Bauckham 2007, p. 1289.
^ Elliott, J. K., "Revelations from the apparatus criticus of the Book of Revelation: How Textual Criticism Can Help Historians." Union Seminary Quarterly Review 63, no. 3-4 (2012): 1-23.
^ Claremont Coptic Encyclopaedia, Codex Vaticanus, accessed 29 September 2018
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e "Biblical concordances of Revelation 22 in the 1611 King James Bible".
^ Revelation 22:13 NKJV
^ Note [f] on Revelation 22:13 in NKJV
^ Revelation 22:14 NLT
^ Revelation 22:15 NLT
^ Revelation 22:16 NKJV

Bibliography

Bauckham, Richard (2007). "81. Revelation". In Barton, John; Muddiman, John (eds.). The Oxford Bible Commentary (first (paperback) ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 1287–1306. ISBN 978-0199277186. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
Garland, Anthony Charles (2007). A Testimony of Jesus Christ - Volume 2: A Commentary on the Book of Revelation. Vol. 2 (illustrated, revised ed.). SpiritAndTruth.org. ISBN 9780978886424.