The Pulaski is a specialty hand tool used in fighting fires, particularly wildfires,[1] which combines an axe and an adze in one head. Similar to a cutter mattock, it has a rigid handle of wood, plastic, or fiberglass. The Pulaski was developed for constructing firebreaks, able to both dig soil and chop wood. It is also well adapted for trail construction, and can be used for gardening and other outdoor work for general excavation and digging holes in root-bound or hard soil.
The invention of the Pulaski is credited to Ed Pulaski, an assistant ranger with the United States Forest Service in 1911.[2][3] Similar tools were introduced in 1876 by the Collins Tool Company. A tool that serves the same purpose was used in the Alps for over 300 years for planting trees (Wiedehopfhaue) or the dolabra in ancient Rome. Pulaski was famous for taking action to save the lives of a crew of 45 firefighters during the disastrous August 1910 wildfires in Idaho. His invention (or reinvention[4]) of a combination axe and adze may have been a result of the disaster, as he saw the need for better firefighting tools. Pulaski further refined the tool by 1913, and it came into use in the Rocky Mountain region.[1] In 1920 the Forest Service began contracting for the tool to be commercially manufactured but its use remained regional until the tool became a national standard in the 1930s.[4]
An initialed ("E.P.") tool, which purportedly belonged to Pulaski himself, is part of the collection of the Smithsonian Institution at the Wallace District Mining Museum in Wallace, Idaho.[1][4][5]
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The Pulaski
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Forging the Pulaski axe - part 3 - forge welding the tool steel edges
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Century of Fire - Part 11 - The Fires of 1910
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Fire Indicators - Part 15 - Gathering the Mules
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DAILY GS ANSWER WRITING [02-01-2020] | Civilsprep |upsc mains
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See also
References
- ^ a b c "The Big Burn-What's a Pulaski?". American Experience. PBS. 3 February 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2019.
- ^ Spadafora, Ronald (2007). McGraw-Hill's Firefighter Exams. McGraw-Hill Professional. p. 230.
Invented by USFS ranger Ed Pulaski in 1911.
- ^ Egan, Timothy (2009). The Big Burn: Teddy Roosevelt & the Fire that Saved America. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. pp. 259–260. ISBN 978-0-547-39460-2.
- ^ a b c Davis, James B. (1986). "The True Story of the Pulaski Fire Tool" (PDF). Fire Management Notes. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service. 47 (3): 19–21. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
- ^ "The Pulaski Axe" (Video). Mysteries at the Museum, Season Six. Travel Channel. 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
External links
- "The Pulaski Axe" (Video). Mysteries at the Museum, Season Six. Travel Channel. 2014. Retrieved April 22, 2016.
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| Fire suppression | ||
| Axes |
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This page was last edited on 25 July 2023, at 07:39