Proletarian Democracy

Proletarian Democracy Democrazia Proletaria

Abbreviation	DP
General Secretary	Mario Capanna Giovanni Russo Spena
Founded	1975 (as coalition) 13 April 1978 (as party)
Dissolved	9 June 1991
Split from	Proletarian Unity Party
Merged into	Communist Refoundation Party
Newspaper	Quotidiano dei lavoratori
Membership	max: 10,310 (1988) min: 2,500 (1979)
Ideology	Communism^[1] Trotskyism^[2] Eco-socialism^[3] Anti-Stalinism Pacifism^[4]
Political position	Far-left^[5]^[6]
European Parliament group	Technical Group of Independents (1979–84) Rainbow Group (1984–89) Green Group (1989–94)
Colours	Red
Website
democraziaproletaria.it
Politics of Italy Political parties Elections

Proletarian Democracy (Italian: Democrazia Proletaria, DP) was a far-left political party in Italy.

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History

1970s

DP was founded in 1975 as a joint electoral front of the Proletarian Unity Party (PdUP), Workers Vanguard (AO) and the "Workers Movement for Socialism" (MLS), for the 1975 Italian regional elections. At the local level, smaller groups joined, such as the "Marxist-Leninist Communist Organization", "Revolutionary Communist Groups - IV International" and the "League of the Communists".

DP took part in the 1976 elections, winning 556,022 votes (1.51%) and 6 seats in the election to the Chamber of Deputies. On 13 April 1978, DP was transformed into a political party. The move to make DP into a real political party was pushed through by the minority wing of PdUP, led by journalist Vittorio Foa and Silvano Miniati; the majority of AO, led by Massimo Gorla and Luigi Vinci; and the League of the Communists, led by Romano Luporini.

The main figure of DP was the charismatic Mario Capanna, a former student leader associated with the 1968 New Left movement.

The strongholds of DP were the industrial cities of Northern Italy, which had strong leftist traditions. DP was opposed to the so-called 'historic compromise' between the Italian Communist Party and the Christian Democrats.

During the 1978 electoral campaign, Peppino Impastato, a leading DP member from Sicily, was murdered by the Mafia.

In the 1979 elections for the European Parliament, DP won 1 seat in the Technical Group of Independents group.

1980s

In the 1983 Italian general election DP won 542,039 votes (1.47%) and 7 seats in the election to the Chamber of Deputies. In the 1987 general election DP won 642,161 votes (1.66%) and 8 seats in the election to the Chamber of Deputies. In the same year DP won 493,667 votes (1.52%) and one seat in the election to the Senate.

In 1987 Capanna stepped down, and Giovanni Russo Spena became the secretary of DP. Two years later, the DP suffered a split, as a section led by Capanna launched their own list on ahead of the elections to the European Parliament, in association with leading Radicals, called the Rainbow Greens.

1990s

On 9 June 1991 the congress of DP in Riccione decided to merge the party into the Communist Refoundation Movement, which became the Communist Refoundation Party.^[7]

Election results

Italian Parliament

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Chamber of Deputies
1976	557,025 (7th)	1.5	6 / 630	–	Mario Capanna
1979	294,462 (10th)	0.8^[a]	0 / 630	6	Mario Capanna
1983	542,039 (9th)	1.5	7 / 630	7	Mario Capanna
1987	641,901 (11th)	1.7	8 / 630	1	Mario Capanna

^ Ran as "New United Left". The Proletarian Unity Party, part of DP in 1976, ran separately and obtained 502,247 votes, 1.4% of the vote and 6 seats.

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Senate of the Republic
1976	78,170 (11th)	0.3	0 / 315	–	Mario Capanna
1979	410,048 (9th)	1.3^[a]	0 / 315	–	Mario Capanna
1983	327,750 (10th)	1.1	0 / 315	–	Mario Capanna
1987	493,667 (11th)	1.5	1 / 315	1	Mario Capanna

^ Ran as "New United Left", in most constituencies in alliance with the Radical Party.

European Parliament

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
European Parliament
1979	252,342 (10th)	0.7	1 / 81	–	Mario Capanna
1984	506,753 (8th)	1.4	1 / 81	–	Mario Capanna
1989	449,639 (10th)	1.3	1 / 81	–	Giovanni Russo Spena

Regional elections

Election year	Votes	%	Seats	+/−	Leader
Regions of Italy
1975	271,216 (8th)	0.9	4 / 720	–	Mario Capanna
1980	274,100 (9th)	0.9	2 / 720	2	Mario Capanna
1985	470,626 (9th)	1.5	9 / 720	7	Mario Capanna
1990	308,650 (13th)	1.0	4 / 720	5	Giovanni Russo Spena

References

^ "Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere".
^ Gli ultimi Mohicani. Una storia di Democrazia Proletaria, Matteo Pucciarelli, 2011
^ "Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere".
^ "Treccani - la cultura italiana | Treccani, il portale del sapere".
^ Geoff Eley (2002). Forging Democracy: The History of the Left in Europe, 1850-2000. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199878772.
^ Paul Furlong (2003). Modern Italy: Representation and Reform. Taylor & Francis. p. 5. ISBN 9781134979837.
^ Gino Moliterno, ed. (2002). Encyclopedia of Contemporary Italian Culture. Routledge. p. 238. ISBN 978-1-134-75877-7.

Communist Refoundation Party

Secretaries

Sergio Garavini (1991–1994)
Fausto Bertinotti (1994–2006)
Franco Giordano (2006–2008)
Paolo Ferrero (2008–2017)
Maurizio Acerbo (2017–present)

General

Factions and splits

Current factions	In the 2017 congress, two motions were presented: the majority one led by Paolo Ferrero and the minority one led by Eleonora Forenza.
Former factions	Bertinottiani Refoundation in Movement To the Left with Refoundation
Splintered factions	Movement of Unitarian Communists (1995) Party of Italian Communists (1998) Communist Alternative Party (2006) Communist Project / Communist Workers' Party (2006) Critical Left (2007) Refoundation for the Left / Movement for the Left (2009) The Ernesto (2011) / Italian Communist Party (2016) Countercurrent (2013) HammerSickle / Left Class Revolution (2016) Being Communists (2016)

Alliances

Alliance of Progressives (1994)
The Union (2005–2007)
The Left – The Rainbow (2007–2008)
Anticapitalist and Communist List (2008–2009)
Federation of the Left (2008–2012)
Civil Revolution (2012–2013)
The Other Europe (2014)
Power to the People (2017–2018)
The Left (2019–present)

v t e Historical political parties in Italy
Communist	Proletarian Unity Party (1972–1984) Italian Communist Party (1921–1991) Proletarian Democracy (1978–1991) Party of Italian Communists (1998–2014)
Democratic socialist	Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party (1881–1893) Italian Workers' Party (1882–1892) Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity (1964–1972) Democratic Party of the Left (1991–1998) Democratic Left (2007–2010) Left Ecology Freedom (2010-2016)
Social-democratic	Italian Reformist Socialist Party (1912–1926) Unitary Socialist Party (1922–1930) Action Party (1929–1947) Unitary Socialist Party (1949–1951) Unified Socialist Party (1966–1969) Italian Socialist Party (1892–1994) Italian Democratic Socialist Party (1947–1998) Democrats of the Left (1998–2007) Italian Democratic Socialists (1998–2007) Article One (2017–2023)
Green	Rainbow Greens (1989–1990) Federation of Green Lists (1986–1990) Federation of the Greens (1990–2021)
Radical and social-liberal	Action Party (1853–1867) Italian Radical Party (1904–1922) Democratic Party (1913–1919) Constitutional Democratic Party (1913–1919) Italian Democratic Liberal Party (1919–1926) Social Democracy (1922–1926) Labour Democratic Party (1943–1948) Republican Democratic Concentration (1946) Radical Party (1955–1989) Democratic Alliance (1993–1997) The Network (1991–1999)
Centrist and liberal	Liberal Union (1913–1922) Democratic Union for the Republic (1998–1999) Union for the Republic Italian Renewal (1996–2002) The Democrats (1999–2002) Segni Pact (1993–2003) Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy (2002–2007) Civic Choice (2013–2019) Liberal Popular Alliance (2015–2018)
Regionalist and federalist	Movement for the Independence of Sicily (1943–1951) Federalists and Liberal Democrats (1994–1996) Federalist Italian League (1995–1996) Great South (2011–2013)
Christian-democratic	Italian Catholic Electoral Union (1906–1919) Conservative Catholics (1913–1919) Italian People's Party (1919–1926) Christian Democracy (1943–1994) Italian People's Party (1994–2002) Christian Democrats for the Republic (1998) Christian Democratic Centre (1994–2002) United Christian Democrats (1995–2002) European Democracy (2001–2002) Christian Democracy for Autonomies (2005–2009) Union of Democrats for Europe (1999–2013)
Liberal-conservative	Economic Party (1919–1924) National Democratic Alliance (1953–1954) Italian Liberal Party (1922–1994) Forza Italia (1994–2009) The People of Freedom (2009–2013) Future and Freedom (2010–2014) New Centre-Right (2013–2017) Conservatives and Reformists (2015–2017) Direction Italy (2017–2019) Cambiamo! (2019–2022)
National-conservative	Common Man's Front (1946–1949) Monarchist National Party (1946–1959) People's Monarchist Party (1954–1959) Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity (1959–1972) National Democracy (1977–1979) National Alliance (1995–2009)
Nationalist	Italian Nationalist Association (1910–1923) Combatants' Party (1919–1923) National Fascist Party (1921–1943) Republican Fascist Party (1943–1945) Italian Social Movement (1946–1995)
List of political parties in Italy 19th-century Italian political groups Early 20th-century Italian political parties 1950s–1990s Italian political parties Current Italian political parties

This page was last edited on 23 May 2024, at 22:42

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