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The national symbols of Scotland are the objects, images, or cultural expressions that are emblematic, representative, or otherwise characteristic of the country of Scotland or Scottish culture.
As a rule, these national symbols are cultural icons that have emerged from Scottish folklore and tradition, meaning few have any official status. However, most if not all maintain recognition at a national or international level, and some, such as the Royal Arms of Scotland, have been codified in heraldry, and are established, official, and recognised symbols of Scotland.
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The National Symbols of Scotland
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National symbols of Scotland
Thistle flower time lapse. The Thistle is the National Emblem of Scotland
National Symbols of Scotland 🏴| Scotland National Symbols | #nationalsymbols #scotland
The national flag of Scotland, the Saltire or St. Andrew's Cross, dates from the 9th century, and is thus the oldest national flag still in use. The Saltire now also forms part of the design of the Union Flag.
The Royal Arms of Scotland[2] is a coat of arms symbolising Scotland and the Scottish monarchs. The blazon, or technical description, is "Or, a lion rampant Gules armed and langued Azure within a double tressure flory counter-flory of the second", meaning a red lion with blue tongue and claws on a yellow field and surrounded by a red double royal tressure flory counter-flory device.
Although officially subsumed into the heraldry of the British Royal Family in 1707, the historic Royal Arms featuring the lion rampant continues to represent Scotland on several coins of the pound sterling, forms the basis of several emblems of Scottish national sports teams (such as the Scotland national football team), and endures as one of the most recognisable national symbols of Scotland.
The thistle, the floral emblem of Scotland, also features in Scottish & British heraldry through symbols, logos, coats of arms, and on British currency.
The Proclaimers became known for singing in distinct Scottish accents with a few Scots words. They came to attention with their 1987 single "Letter from America", which reached No. 3 in the United Kingdom, and the 1988 single "I'm Gonna Be (500 Miles)", which topped charts in Australia,[9][10] Iceland and New Zealand.[11] The duo's biggest album, Sunshine on Leith (1988) has been certified multi-Platinum in Australia and Canada, selling over 2 million copies worldwide, including around 700,000 in the United States.[12] The Proclaimers have sold over 5 million albums worldwide.[13][14]
The Bay City Rollers were one of the world's biggest bands, and they were widely known for their worldwide teen idol popularity in the 1970s. They have been called the "tartan teen sensations from Edinburgh" and are one of many acts heralded as the "biggest group since the Beatles".[15] According to the BBC, the Bay City Rollers sold 120 million records.[16]
Runrig, one of the most commercially successful groups to sing in Scottish Gaelic. Runrig's music is often described as a blend of folk and rock music, with the band's lyrics often focusing upon locations, history, politics, and people that are unique to Scotland. Songs also make references to agriculture, land conservation and religion.[17] In August 2018, Runrig performed the final shows of their farewell tour, entitled The Last Dance, in Stirling City Park beneath the castle ramparts.[18] An estimated 52,000 fans attended The Last Dance.[19] Bruce Guthro died on 5 September 2023 from cancer.[20]
Annie Lennox, one of the most commercially successful artists of the 1980s with Eurythmics, and the 1990s as a solo artist, was known for her androgyny during the 1980s. She has been dubbed the "Brits Champion of Champions", with eight Brit Awards, which includes being named Best British Female Artist a record six times. Lennon has sold 80 million records internationally.[21]
Susan Boyle, who's debut album I Dreamed a Dream is one of the best-selling albums of the 21st century, having sold over 10 million copies worldwide, and it was the best-selling album internationally in 2009.[22] Boyle became the first female artist in history to have a number one album simultaneously in both the United Kingdom and United States within the space of a year. In 2011, Boyle made UK music history by becoming the first female artist to achieve three successive albums debut at No.1 in less than two years.[23]
Calvin Harris rose to international prominence with the release of his third studio album, 18 Months. Harris had achieved success with his first two albums across Europe. 18 Months topped the UK Albums Chart, earning him his second UK Number One album following Ready for the Weekend in 2009, and became his first album to chart on the US Billboard 200, peaking at number 19. All eight of the album's singles reached the top 10 in the UK, breaking the record for the most top 10 songs from one studio album on the UK Singles Chart with eight entries, surpassing Michael Jackson's record. Harris became the first artist to place three songs simultaneously on the top 10 of Billboard'sDance/Electronic Songs chart.[24] He also became the first UK solo artist to reach more than one billion streams on Spotify.[25] Harris has received 18 Brit Award nominations–winning British Producer of the Year and British Single of the Year in 2019,[26] as well as five Grammy nominations, including a win for Best Music Video in 2013.[27]
Lewis Capaldi achieved international success with his single "Someone You Loved", released in 2018, which topped the UK Singles Chart where it remained for seven weeks, and in November 2019, it reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100; it was nominated at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards for Song of the Year and won the 2020 Brit Award for Song of the Year. "Someone You Loved" was the bestselling single of 2019 in the UK. In May 2020, it was announced that Capaldi's song "Someone You Loved" had become the longest-running top 10 UK single of all time by a British artist.[28]
Paolo Nutini achieved international success in 2006 following the release of his debut album These Streets. He has received three BRIT Award nominations and an Ivor Novello Award nomination for songwriting. In July 2014, he was referred to by the BBC as "arguably Scotland's biggest musician right now."[30]
Craig Ferguson first achieved success in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, performing as "Bing Hitler" in the comedy circuit, before moving to the United States where he first achieved recognition through his portrayal of Mr. Wick on The Drew Carey Show before becoming host of his own late–night talk show on CBS, The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson in 2005.
Elaine C. Smith rose to prominence from appearing in the BBC Scotland sitcoms City Lights (1984–1991) and Rab C. Nesbitt (1988–2014). Smith has played the role of Christine O'Neil in the BBC Scotland sitcom Two Doors Down (2013–present). Smith co-wrote with Alan Mchugh, as well as starring in I Dreamed a Dream, a stage production about the life and rise to fame of Scottish singer Susan Boyle in 2012.
Flower of Scotland is popularly held to be the national anthem, and is played at events such as football and rugby matches involving the Scotland national teams, and as of 2010 is used for the Scottish team at the Commonwealth Games.
Burns' Night is an annual celebration of Scotland's national poet Robert Burns.
Declaration of Arbroath (1320) Scotland Declaration of Independence. Tartan Day, a recent innovation from Canada, is a celebration of all things Scottish on the anniversary of the Declaration of Arbroath.
Scotland retains its own separate, independent and unique legal system, known as Scots law. Scots law recognises four sources of law: legislation, legal precedent, specific academic writings, and custom. Legislation affecting Scotland and Scots law is passed by the Scottish Parliament on all areas of devolved responsibility, and the United Kingdom Parliament on reserved matters. Some legislation passed by the pre-1707 Parliament of Scotland is still also valid.
The Stone of Scone, a block of red sandstone used for the coronation of Scottish kings. Usually seen as a symbol of unity and Scottish independence
The Bank of Scotland bank was established by the Parliament of Scotland in 1695 to develop Scotland's trade with other countries, and aimed to create a stable banking system in the Kingdom of Scotland.[44] With a history dating to the end of the 17th century, it is the fifth-oldest extant bank in the United Kingdom (the Bank of England having been established one year earlier), and is the only commercial institution created by the Parliament of Scotland to remain in existence. It was one of the first banks in Europe to print its own banknotes, and it continues to print its own sterling banknotes under legal arrangements that allow Scottish banks to issue currency.
Tartan is a specific woven textile pattern that often signifies a particular Scottish clan, as featured on a kilt.
Flora and fauna
The unicorn is the national animal of Scotland. The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, used prior to 1603 by the Kings of Scotland, was supported by two unicorns, and the current royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom is supported by a unicorn for Scotland along with a lion for England. The unicorn is frequently found as an ornament on mercat crosses. A National Unicorn Museum is being set up in Forres, Moray.
Robert Burns is recognised as Scotland's national poet. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland and is celebrated worldwide. He is the best known of the poets who have written in the Scots language, although much of his writing is in a "light Scots dialect" of English, accessible to an audience beyond Scotland. He also wrote in standard English, and in these writings his political or civil commentary is often at its bluntest. He is regarded as a pioneer of the Romantic movement, and after his death he became a great source of inspiration to the founders of both liberalism and socialism, and a cultural icon in Scotland and among the Scottish diaspora around the world. Celebration of his life and work became almost a national charismatic cult during the 19th and 20th centuries, and his influence has long been strong on Scottish literature.
Alex Salmond, First Minister of Scotland (2007–2014), and the first First Minister to both achieve a majority in the Scottish Parliament and to hold a referendum on Scottish independence. At the 2011 Scottish Parliament election, the SNP, under Salmond's leadership, won with an overall majority, a feat previously thought almost impossible under the additional member system used in elections for the Scottish Parliament. As of 2021, this is the only election in which a party has won a majority in the Scottish Parliament. Salmond used this mandate to hold a referendum on Scottish independence, which led to the signing of the Edinburgh Agreement, allowing a referendum on Scottish independence to be held on 18 September 2014.
Edinburgh Castle, a national icon of Scotland. Considered one of the most important strongholds in the Kingdom of Scotland, Edinburgh Castle was involved in many historical conflicts from the Wars of Scottish Independence in the 14th century to the Jacobite rising of 1745. Research undertaken in 2014 identified 26 sieges in its 1,100-year history, giving it a claim to having been "the most besieged place in Great Britain and one of the most attacked in the world"
Kilt, Scotland's national dress. Originating in the Scottish Highland dress for men, it is first recorded in the 16th century as the great kilt, a full-length garment whose upper half could be worn as a cloak. The small kilt or modern kilt emerged in the 18th century, and is essentially the bottom half of the great kilt. Since the 19th century, it has become associated with the wider culture of Scotland, and more broadly with Gaelic or Celtic heritage.
Glasgow Tower in Glasgow holds a Guinness World Record for being the tallest fully rotating freestanding structure in the world, in which the whole structure is capable of rotating 360 degrees.[60] The Glasgow Tower is the tallest building in both Glasgow and Scotland, and has held these records since its completion in 2001.
The National Monument of Scotland, Scotland's national memorial to the Scottish soldiers and sailors who died fighting in the Napoleonic Wars.It was intended, according to the inscription, to be "A Memorial of the Past and Incentive to the Future Heroism of the Men of Scotland"
^ abInformation gleaned from exhibition research and materials showcased at Famous Scots Exhibition held at New Register House, Edinburgh; Shirley Manson leg ran from 25 May – 17 July 2009, under the Homecoming Scotland banner
^"Garbage". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
Top 100 peaks from January 1990 to December 2010: Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010. Mt. Martha, VIC, Australia: Moonlight Publishing.
^Cavan Scott; Mark Wright (2013). Doctor Who: Who-ology. BBC Books. p. 42. ISBN978-1849906197. McCoy's mastery of physical comedy led to his working relationship with producer Clive Doig, who employed him on shows ranging from Vision On to Jigsaw
^Howley, Andrew (26 May 2011). "NGS Celebrates 23rd Founders Day". NGS. National Geographic Society. Archived from the original on 2 February 2016. Retrieved 18 January 2016. Though he wasn't one of the original 33 founders, Bell had a major influence on the Society.
Bruce, Robert V. (1990) [1st pub. 1973]. Bell: Alexander Graham Bell and the Conquest of Solitude. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN0-8014-9691-8.