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Ludic language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Ludic
lyydin kiel', l'yyd'ikiel'
Native toRussia (Republic of Karelia)
RegionNear northwestern shore of Lake Onega
Native speakers
300 (2017)[1]
Uralic
Latin (Karelian alphabet)
Official status
Official language in
recognised as minority language in:
Republic of Karelia[2]
Language codes
ISO 639-3lud
Glottologludi1246
ELPLudian
Distribution of Karelian and Ludic at the beginning of the 20th century[3][4]
[image reference needed]
Lude is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger (2010)
Current distribution of Karelian and Ludic[3][4]

Ludic, or Ludian, or Ludic Karelian (Luudi, Lyydi or lüüdi), is a Finnic language in the Uralic language family or a Karelian dialect. It is transitional between the Olonets Karelian language and the Veps language.[1] It is spoken by 300 Karelians in the Republic of Karelia in Russia, near the southwestern shore of Lake Onega, including a few children.[5]

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • Sung Finno-Ugric languages

Transcription

Classification

Flag of Ludic Karelian

In the Finnish research tradition, Ludic has been considered a transitional dialect area between Karelian and Veps,[6] while in the Russian research tradition it is, on ethnographic grounds, normally considered a dialect of Karelian. A status as an independent language has been proposed in recent times.[7] Ludic is characterised by a specific mixture of Karelian-like traits (such as the diphthongisation of the Proto-Finnic non-open long vowels: e.g. *pää > piä 'head', *soo > suo 'swamp', contrast Veps pä, so)[8] and Veps-like traits (such as an almost complete loss of consonant gradation).[9] Like Veps, Ludic has also partially lost vowel harmony.

Dialects

Ludic comprises three main dialect groups:[7]

  • Ludic
    • Northern (Lake) Ludic, at the northwestern shores of Lake Onega
    • Central (River) Ludic, at settlements along river Shuya and near the city of Petrozavodsk
    • Kuďäŕv (Forest) Ludic, in the Mikhaylovskoye rural locality

The strongest Karelian resemblance is found in Northern Ludic, while the Kuďäŕv dialect shares the most features with Veps.

Phonology

Vowels

Front Back
unrounded rounded unrounded rounded
Close i y u
Mid e ø o
Open æ ɑ
  • Vowel length may also be distinctive.

Consonants

Labial Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
plain pal. plain pal.
Plosive voiceless p (pʲ) t tʲ k
voiced b (bʲ) d dʲ ɡ
Affricate voiceless t͡s t͡ʃ
voiced d͡ʒ
Fricative voiceless (f) (fʲ) s sʲ ʃ (x) h
voiced v (vʲ) z zʲ ʒ
Nasal m (mʲ) n nʲ
Approximant l lʲ j
Rhotic r rʲ
  • Sounds /f, fʲ, bʲ, pʲ, vʲ, mʲ/ only occur in recent borrowings.
  • /h/ can also be heard as a velar [x].
  • /n/ is heard as velar [ŋ] when preceding velar consonants.
  • /ɡ/ can be lenited as a fricative [ɣ] in intervocalic positions.

Writing system

Ludic is written using the unified Karelian alphabet, but in some publications the letter Ü is used instead of Y, as in Veps.

Majuscule Forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)
A B C Č D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S Š Z Ž T U V Y (Ü) Ä Ö ʼ
Minuscule Forms (also called lowercase or small letters)
a b c č d e f g h i j k l m n o p r s š z ž t u v y (ü) ä ö ʼ

Phrases

  • Ken sina oled? = Who are you?
  • Mi tämä on? = What is this?
  • Kudam teiš on Onni? = Which one of you is Onni?
  • Mikš sina nagrad? = Why are you laughing?
  • Kudam čuas on? = What time is it?
  • Konz hyö tuldah kodih? = When are they coming home?
  • Häin lähtöu huomei. = He/She leaves tomorrow.[10]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ a b Ludic at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015) (subscription required)
  2. ^ "Законодательные акты: О государственной поддержке карельского, вепсского и финского языков в Республике Карелия". Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2011-01-08.
  3. ^ a b Rantanen, Timo; Tolvanen, Harri; Roose, Meeli; Ylikoski, Jussi; Vesakoski, Outi (2022-06-08). "Best practices for spatial language data harmonization, sharing and map creation—A case study of Uralic". PLOS ONE. 17 (6): e0269648. Bibcode:2022PLoSO..1769648R. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0269648. PMC 9176854. PMID 35675367.
  4. ^ a b Rantanen, Timo, Vesakoski, Outi, Ylikoski, Jussi, & Tolvanen, Harri. (2021). Geographical database of the Uralic languages (v1.0) [Data set]. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784188
  5. ^ "Uhanalainen lyydi on oma itämerensuomalainen kielensä | Humanistinen tiedekunta | Helsingin yliopisto".
  6. ^ Itkonen, Terho (1971). "Aunuksen äänneopin erikoisuudet ja aunukselaismurteiden synty". Virittäjä (75): 182.
  7. ^ a b Pahomov 2011, p. 10.
  8. ^ Pahomov 2011, p. 29.
  9. ^ Pahomov 2011, p. 32.
  10. ^ Pahomov, Miikul (2019). Venä-lüüdin paginnik Русско-людиковский разговорник. Lüüdilaine Siebr.

Literature

  • Barantsev, Aleksandr P. (1975), Fonologicheskiye sredstva lyudikovskoy rechi (Deskriptivnoye opisaniye) (in Russian), Leningrad; Nauka
  • Pahomov, Miikul (2011), Kuujärven lyydiläistekstejä, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia, vol. 263, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, ISBN 978-952-5667-32-5
  • Ojanen, Muusa (1985), Adjektiivikategoria venäläis-lyydiläisissä kontakteissa, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia, vol. 188, Helsinki / Joensuu: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura / Joensuun yliopisto, ISBN 951-9019-89-8
  • Ojansuu, Heikki; Kujola, Juho; Kalima, Jalo; et al., eds. (1934), Lyydiläisiä kielennäytteitä, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. LXIX, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Turunen, Aimo (1946), Lyydiläismurteiden äännehistoria. I. Konsonantit, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. LXXXIX, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Turunen, Aimo (1950), Lyydiläismurteiden äännehistoria. II. Vokaalit, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. XCIX, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1963), Lyydiläisiä tekstejä. I, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 129, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1963), Lyydiläisiä tekstejä. II, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 130, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1964), Lyydiläisiä tekstejä. III, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 131, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1976), Lyydiläisiä tekstejä. IV, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 132, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1984), Lyydiläisiä tekstejä. V, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 165, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, ISBN 951-9019-81-2
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1986), Haljärven lyydiläismurteen muoto-oppia, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 190, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, ISBN 951-9019-96-0
  • Virtaranta, Pertti (1994), Lyydiläisiä tekstejä. VI. Anna Vasiljevna Tshesnakovan kerrontaa ja itkuvirsiä, Suomalais-Ugrilaisen Seuran Toimituksia (in Finnish), vol. 218, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, ISBN 951-9403-72-8

External links


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This page was last edited on 16 April 2024, at 17:30
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