See List of fortifications for a list of notable fortified structures. For city walls in particular, see List of cities with defensive walls.
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Pre-modern fortifications
Africa
Fossatum Africae
Sungbo's Eredo, built during 800–1000 AD in Ijebu Ode in Ogun State, southwest Nigeria
Americas
Great Wall of Tlaxcala, mentioned in the history of Bernal Díaz del Castillo
Walls of Old San Juan, Puerto Rico
Asia
The Great Wall of China, China – part of UNESCO site 438,.[2] This is mostly referred to the Ming Great Wall, built from 1368 to 1644, measures 8,850 km long.- Great Wall of Qi, the oldest of the Chinese Great Walls.
- Great Wall of Yan (state)
- Great Wall of Zhongshan (state)
- Great Wall of Zhao (state)
- Great Wall of Qin dynasty
- Great Wall of Han dynasty (206 BC–220 AD), the longest Great Wall in history.
- Great Wall of Northern Wei dynasty
- Great Wall of Northern Qi dynasty
- Great Wall of the Jurchen Jin Dynasty (1115–1234), built to defend against northern nomadic tribes, once spanning over 2,500 kilometers long.[3]
Great Wall of Western Xia- Great Wall of the Khitan Liao dynasty
Ranikot Fort, Also called 'The Great Wall of Pakistan', second largest wall of South Asia after Kumbhalgarh fort in India
Cheolli Jangseong, North Korea and China
Great Wall of Gorgan in Iran, (World's second longest[4] wall[5])
Long Wall of Quảng Ngãi in Quảng Ngãi, Vietnam.
Kumbhalgarh, in Rajasthan, India
Europe
Walls of Constantinople in Turkey- Anastasian Wall in Turkey
Antonine Wall in Scotland, United Kingdom – part of UNESCO site 430[6]
Aurelian Walls of Rome
Walls of Ston in Croatia
Danevirke, Germany- Roman limes in Upper Germania, Lower Germania and Rhaetia, Germany – part of UNESCO site 430[6]
- Hadrian's Wall in England – part of UNESCO site 430[6][7]
- Long Wall (Thracian Chersonese)
- Offa's Dyke between Mercia (England) and Powys (Wales)
Serpent's Wall, the ancient walls in Ukraine- Wall of Severus, between Roman Britain and [not recorded]
Silesia Walls, Poland
Trajan's Wall, in Dobruja, Romania- Athanaric's Wall, Romania
- Wat's Dyke parallel, for part of the distance, to Offa's Dyke, England:Wales.
Modern defensive walls or border barriers
Atlantic Wall in Nazi-occupied France
Berlin Wall in Berlin separating West Berlin from East Germany 1961–1989 (in concrete: 1975–1989)[8]- Inland Customs Line 2,500 miles (4,000 km) built 1843 onward in British India
- India–Pakistan barrier
Bangladesh–India border
Sections of the Israeli West Bank barrier, West Bank[9]
Sections of the Blue Line between Lebanon and Israel[10]- Belfast Peace Lines in Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Korean Wall (alleged by DPRK), Korean Demilitarized Zone[11]
Ceuta border fence, in Ceuta, Autonomous city of Spain
Melilla border fence in Melilla, Autonomous city of Spain
US-Mexico Border[12]
Frontier Closed Area along Hong Kong-China border
Hungary-Serbia Barrier
Turkey-Syria Barrier- Turkey-Iran Barrier
Slovenian border Barrier
Pakistan–Afghanistan barrier
Myanmar-Bangladesh Border Fence- India–Myanmar Barrier
Moroccan Western Sahara Wall, in Western Sahara
Poland–Belarus barrier[13]
Memorial walls
Communards' Wall in the Père Lachaise Cemetery, in Paris, France- Democracy Wall, in Beijing (1978–1979)
Lennon Wall in Prague- Vietnam Veterans Memorial, often called the Wall, in Washington, D.C.
- Pine Grove Cemetery, second-longest contiguous stone wall in the world, in Lynn, Massachusetts
- Lennon Wall in Hong Kong
Walls in contemporary art and sports
- Die Gelbe Wand, Westfalenstadion in Dortmund
- Green Monster, Fenway Park, Boston
- Tsoi Wall in Arbat Street, Moscow
- The Wall in SoHo, New York City
- The Wall In Concert (theatrical) – While based on a figment of a main character's imagination, the concerts in the tour for the Pink Floyd album The Wall featured a real wall of giant cardboard bricks between the band and the audience which was constructed, completed, spoliated and finally destroyed during the course of each show.
See also
- Gum Wall
- Separation barrier
- List of cities with defensive walls
- List of town walls in England and Wales
- List of fortifications
- Great Wall (astronomy)
- List of Egyptian castles, forts, fortifications and city walls
References
- ^ "Stonske zidine". Citywallsdubrovnik.hr (in Croatian). Društvo prijatelja dubrovačke starine. Archived from the original on 2010-05-31. Retrieved 2009-12-06.
- ^ UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "The Great Wall". Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ "Great Wall of Jin Dynasty (1115–1234): History, Structure, Relics". Retrieved 4 January 2017.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ http://www.shc.ed.ac.uk/staff/academic/esauer/pubs/iranian_walls.pdf [bare URL PDF]
- ^ a b c UNESCO World Heritage Centre. "Frontiers of the Roman Empire". Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ Ilan Ben Zion (September 6, 2018). "Israeli wall rising near border with Lebanon stokes tensions". AP News. Retrieved 2022-12-07.
- ^ Jon Herskovitz (December 31, 2007). "North Korea asks South to tear down imaginary wall". Reuters. Retrieved 2015-10-09.
- ^ Chaichian, Mohammad A. (2015-03-03). Empires and Walls: Globalization, Migration, and Colonial Domination. Haymarket Books. ISBN 978-1-60846-422-7.
- ^ "Poland completes 186-kilometre border wall with Belarus". euronews. 2022-06-30. Retrieved 2022-09-03.
This page was last edited on 4 April 2024, at 11:53