This is a list of the former Soviet tank factories. Today most of them are located in the Russian Federation, while only the Malyshev Factory is located in Ukraine.
This list includes the heavy steel manufacturing plants where main production and assembly of medium and heavy armoured vehicles took place, initiated first in the late 1920s as a prerequisite for the developing Red Army doctrine that called for large tank forces. It does not list the related facilities which fabricated components for them, the many lighter automotive industries which built light tracked vehicles and armoured cars, nor the armoured vehicle repair and overhaul plants.
Keeping track of the tank factories can be difficult. Many were based on pre-Soviet imperial Russian shipbuilding or locomotive factories, and may have changed names more than once. The majority were evacuated and consolidated in the Urals in the fall of 1941, shortly after the disastrous German invasion of June 22. After World War II, some remained in their new location, others were moved back or re-established at other factories. Most were also known by their designation numbers as well as honorific names.
English translations of the factory names can also be confusing. In various sources, the Russian "завод" is translated either as "factory", "plant", "works", or simply transliterated as "zavod".
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Transcription
List
| Initial Location | Kharkov (Kharkiv) | Kharkov (Kharkiv) | Nizhny Tagil | Leningrad (St Petersburg) | Leningrad (St Petersburg) | Leningrad (St Petersburg) | Chelyabinsk | Stalingrad (later Volgograd) | Gorky (Nizhny Novgorod) | Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-Soviet name | Kharkov Locomotive Factory (KhPZ), 1895 | Treasury iron foundry, 1801 Putilov Factory, 1868 |
Nizhny Novgorod Machine Factory, 1849 | |||||||
| Early Soviet name | Kharkov Diesel Factory | Kharkov Komintern Locomotive Factory, 1928 | Dzerzhinsky Ural Railroad Car Factory, Uralvagonzavod, (UVZ or Vagonka), 1936 | Factory No. 185 (S.M. Kirov), 1935; originally a part of Bolshevik Factory No. 232[1] | Red Putilovite Plant, 1922 renamed Kirov Plant, 1934 |
K.E. Voroshilov (Russian), 1932; originally a part of Bolshevik Factory No. 232[1] | Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant (ChTZ), 1933 | Dzerzhinsky Stalingrad Tractor Factory (STZ), 1930[2] | Krasnoye Sormovo (Andrei Zhdanov), 1920[2] | Ordzhonikidze Ural Heavy Machine Building Plant (UZTM), 1933 |
| Factory Number | Factory No. 75 | Factory No. 183, 1936 | Factory No. 185[1] | Factory No. 100 until 1941 | Factory No. 174[1] | Factory No. 100, 1941[2][3] | Factory No. 112[2] | |||
| World War II | Moved to Tankograd in Chelyabinsk, 1941[2] | KhPZ merged with Uralvagonzavod in Nizhny Tagil to form Ural Tank Factory No. 183 (I.V. Stalin), 1941;[2] Became the world's largest tank factory. |
Partially moved to Tankograd in Chelyabinsk, 1941 | Partially[2] moved to Tankograd in Chelyabinsk, 1941 | Moved to Chkalov, 1941; Moved again to Omsk, as Omsk Lenin Factory No. 174,[2] 1942 |
Chelyabinsk Kirov Factory,[2] unofficially known as Tankograd | Overran in the Battle of Stalingrad, 1942 | |||
| Location after World War II | Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR | Nizhny Tagil | St Petersburg (Leningrad) | St Petersburg (Leningrad) | Omsk, 1962 | Chelyabinsk | Volgograd (Stalingrad) | Nizhny Novgorod (Gorky) | Yekaterinburg (Sverdlovsk) | |
| After World War II | Restored as Kharkov Diesel Factory No. 75 by partly moving Factory No. 183 back from Nizhny Tagil, 1944-1952 Renamed Malyshev Factory, 1957 |
Uralvagonzavod, 1984 | Switched to engines construction | Chelyabinsk Tractor Plant, 1958 | Volgograd Tractor Factory, 1961 | Returned to shipbuilding | ||||
| Post-Soviet | independent Ukraine, 1991 | Uralvagonzavod OAO | Kirov Plant | Omsk Transmash | ChTZ-Uraltrac, 1998 | Bankrupt, 2005[4] | OAO Zavod "Krasnoye Sormovo", 1994[5] | Uralmash, 1992 | ||
| Design Bureau | Morozov Design Bureau (KMDB) | OKB-520 Kartsev-Venediktov Design Bureau, 1944 | OKMO[1] | SKB-2 (Josef Kotin)[1] | KBTM | Dukhov | ||||
| Designed | T-24, BT tanks, T-34, T-44, T-54, T-64, T-80 turret, T-80UD, T-84 | T-54A, T-55, T-62, T-72, T-90, T-95 prototype, T-14 | T-26, T-35 | SMK, KV, IS-2, IS-3 hull, T-10 | (SKB-1: T-50) T-80 hull, BTR-T, TOS-1, Black Eagle tank prototype |
IS-3 turret | T-34-85 turret | |||
| Built | T-34 engine | T-26, BT tanks, T-28, T-35, T-34 | T-34 | T-34 | KV, T-34, IS | T-26, T-50, T-34 | KV, IS, SU-152, ISU-122, ISU-152, T-34, SU-85[2] | T-34 | Russkiy Reno, T-34 | T-34, SU-85,[2] SU-122,[2] SU-100 |
| T-54/55, T-64, T-80UD, T-84 | T-44, T-54/55, T-62, T-72, T-90, T-14 | IS-4, T-10, T-80, PT-76 | T-10, T-80 | PT-76 | T-54 | |||||
See also
References
- ^ a b c d e f Magnuski, Janusz (1997). Ciężki czołg KW. Warszawa: Pelta. pp. 5, 56–57. ISBN 83-85314-12-1.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Walter s. Dunn, Jr (2007-11-10). Stalin's Keys to Victory: The Rebirth of the Red Army. pp. 35–40. ISBN 9780811734233.
- ^ Zaloga, Steven (1996-01-15). KV-1 & 2 Heavy Tanks 1939-45. pp. 3, 33–35. ISBN 9781855324961.
- ^ Волгоградский тракторный завод (историческая справка) Волгоградский тракторный завод
- ^ "Завод".
Bibliography
- Zaloga, Steven J. and James Grandsen (1984). Soviet Tanks and Combat Vehicles of World War Two. London: Arms and Armour Press. ISBN 0-85368-606-8.
External links
- Compass in the world of machines and machine-building (in Russian) (Russian: Компас в Мире Машин и Машиностроения)
This page was last edited on 23 May 2024, at 08:56