List of Hittite kings

Tudḫaliya IV of the New Kingdom, r. c. 1245–1215 BC.^[1]

The dating and sequence of the Hittite kings is compiled from fragmentary records, supplemented by the recent find in Hattusa of a cache of more than 3,500 seal impressions giving names and titles and genealogy of Hittite kings. All dates given here are approximate, relying on synchronisms with known chronologies for neighbouring countries and Egypt.

All reign lengths are approximate. The list uses the middle chronology, the most generally accepted chronology of the Ancient Near East and the chronology that accords best with Hittite evidence.^[2]

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Old kingdom (c. 1650 – c. 1500 BC)


Ruler	Reign (MC)^[1]	Lineage and notes
Labarna	c. 1680 – c. 1650 BC^[3]	Traditional founder of the royal line; existence disputed.^[1]
Ḫattušili I^[a]	c. 1650 – c. 1620 BC	Nephew of the wife of Labarna I^[4]
Mursili I	c. 1620 – c. 1590 BC	Grandson of Ḫattušili I.^[4] Sacked Babylon c. 1595 BC.^[1]^[5]
Hantili I	c. 1590 – c. 1560 BC	Brother-in-law of Mursili I^[4]
Zidanta I	c. 1560 – c. 1550 BC	Son-in-law of Hantili I^[4]
Ammuna	c. 1550 – c. 1530 BC	Son of Zidanta I^[4]
Huzziya I	c. 1530 – c. 1525 BC	Son of Ammuna (?)^[4]
Telipinu	c. 1525 – c. 1500 BC	Brother-in-law of Huzziya I^[4]

Middle kingdom (c. 1500 – c. 1465 BC)


Ruler	Reign (MC)^[1]	Lineage and notes
Alluwamna	c. 1500 BC	Son-in-law of Telipinu^[4]
Tahurwaili	c. 1500 – c. 1490 BC	Cousin of Telipinu^[6]
Hantili II	c. 1490 – c. 1480 BC	Son of Alluwamna^[4]
Zidanta II^[b]	c. 1480 – c. 1470 BC	Nephew of Hantili II (?) ^[4]
Huzziya II	c. 1470 – c. 1465 BC	Unclear lineage^[4]
Muwatalli I	c. 1465 – c. 1465 BC	Unclear lineage^[4]

New kingdom (c. 1465 – c. 1190 BC)


Ruler	Reign (MC)^[1]	Lineage and notes
Tudḫaliya I	c. 1465 – c. 1440 BC	Son of Kantuzzili, descendant of Zidanta II (?) ^[7] Identity disputed (= Tudḫaliya II ?) ^[8]
Ḫattušili II	c. 1440 – c. 1425 BC	Son of Tudḫaliya I (?) ^[9] Existence disputed^[10]
Tudḫaliya II	c. 1425 – c. 1390 BC	Son of Ḫattušili II (?) ^[11] Identity disputed (= Tudḫaliya I ?) ^[12]
Arnuwanda I	c. 1390 – c. 1380 BC	Adopted son and son-in-law of Tudḫaliya II^[4]
Tudḫaliya III^[c]	c. 1380 – c. 1370 BC	Son of Arnuwanda I^[4]
Tudḫaliya the Younger (?)	c. 1370 BC	Son of Tudḫaliya III. Rule disputed.
Šuppiluliuma I	c. 1370 – c. 1330 BC	Adopted son and son-in-law of Tudḫaliya III^[13]^[4] Expanded the empire. Mentioned in the Amarna letters.^[14]
Arnuwanda II	c. 1330 BC	Son of Šuppiluliuma I^[4]
Muršili II	c. 1330 – c. 1295 BC	Son of Šuppiluliuma I^[4]
Muwatalli II^[d]	c. 1295 – c. 1282 BC	Son of Muršili II^[4] Fought at the Battle of Kadesh.
Muršili III^[e]	c. 1282 – c. 1275 BC	Son of Muwatalli II^[4]
Ḫattušili III	c. 1275 – c. 1245 BC	Son of Muršili II^[4] Signatory of the Egyptian–Hittite peace treaty.
Tudḫaliya IV^[f]	c. 1245 – c. 1215 BC	Son of Ḫattušili III^[4] Fought at the Battle of Nihriya.
Arnuwanda III	c. 1215 – c. 1210 BC	Son of Tudḫaliya IV^[4]
Šuppiluliuma II^[g]	c. 1210 – c. 1190 BC^[1]^[15]	Son of Tudḫaliya IV^[4] Last known king before the Late Bronze Age collapse and end of the kingdom.

Notes

^ Also known as Labarna II.^[4]
^ Also known as Zidanza.^[4]
^ Also known as Tašmišarri.^[4]
^ Also known as Šarri-Teššub.^[4]
^ Also known as Urhi-Teššub.^[4]
^ Also known as Tašmi-Šarruma.^[4]
^ Also known as Šuppiluliama.^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g Kuhrt, Amélie (2020). The Ancient Near East: c.3000–330 BC, Volume One. Routledge. p. 230. ISBN 978-1-136-75548-4.
^ Steadman, Sharon R.; McMahon, Gregory (2011). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Anatolia. Oxford University Press. p. 598. ISBN 978-0-19-970447-7.
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin, (2020). "The Authorship of the Old Hittite Palace Chronicle (CTH 8): A Case for Anitta", in Journal of Cuneiform Studies, Volume 72 (2020): "...Recently, Forlanini proposed that the text's author was not Muršili I but rather Ḫattušili I, who tells about the times of his predecessor Labarna I (ca. 1680(?)–1650 BCE)..."
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad Bilgin, Tayfun (2018). Officials and Administration in the Hittite World. Walter de Gruyter. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-5015-0977-3.
^ Kuhrt, A. (1997). Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC. London: Routledge. p. 12. ISBN 978-0-415-16763-5.
^ Birgit Brandau, Hartmut Schickert: Hethiter Die unbekannte Weltmacht
^ Jacques Freu and Michel Mazoyer, Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite, Paris, 2007: 311; Amélie Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC, vol. 1, London, 1995: 230.
^ Trevor Bryce, The Kingdom of the Hittites, Oxford, 2005: 122-123.
^ Jacques Freu and Michel Mazoyer, Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite, Paris, 2007: 311; Amélie Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC, vol. 1, London, 1995: 230.
^ Bryce, Trevor; Bryce, Trevor Robert (2012-03-15). "Appendix III: The Kings of Late Bronze Age Hatti". The World of The Neo-Hittite Kingdoms: A Political and Military History. OUP Oxford. ISBN 978-0-19-921872-1.
^ Jacques Freu and Michel Mazoyer, Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite, Paris, 2007: 311; Amélie Kuhrt, The Ancient Near East c. 3000–330 BC, vol. 1, London, 1995: 230.
^ Trevor Bryce, The Kingdom of the Hittites, Oxford, 2005: 122-123.
^ Jacques Freu and Michel Mazoyer, Les débuts du nouvel empire hittite, Paris, 2007: 200-201.
^ Cohen, Raymond; Westbrook, Raymond (2002). Amarna Diplomacy: The Beginnings of International Relations. JHU Press. pp. xv. ISBN 978-0-8018-7103-0.
^ Drews, Robert (1994). The Coming of the Greeks: Indo-European Conquests in the Aegean and the Near East. Princeton University Press. p. 67. ISBN 978-0-691-02951-1.

This page was last edited on 27 May 2024, at 03:33

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