LGBT rights in Macau | |
|---|---|
 Location of Macau within China | |
| Status | Legal since 1996, with an equal age of consent |
| Gender identity | No |
| Military | China responsible for defense |
| Discrimination protections | Sexual orientation protections in employment |
| Family rights | |
| Recognition of relationships | No |
| Adoption | No |
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) persons in Macau, a special administrative region of China, face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. While same-sex sexual activity was decriminalized in 1996,[1] same-sex couples and households headed by same-sex couples remain ineligible for some legal rights available to opposite-sex couples.
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Transcription
# China, Hong Kong & Macau, Oh My! Welcome to Hong Kong: the island city of China packed with seven million people at unbelievable density. But if you, dear tourist, start from Victoria Harbor and head toward the mainland you'll find that while Hong Kong is China she doesn't act like it. To cross the bridge your passport must be checked and stamped and checked and stamped. Not because you're a suspicious foreigner: Mainland Chinese can't just stroll across either, but rather because Hong Kong has her own immigration policy. And Hong Kong isn't the only isolated island, there's nearby Macau with her own passport-checking bridge and a ferry between them -- which also checks passports. Travel from Hong Kong to Macau to the mainland and back and you'll end up with three stamps, and that goes for everyone: Hong Kongese can't just live in Macau and Macanese can't just live in Hong Kong and they both can just live on the mainland. Yet it's all China. And inconvenient travel isn't the only speciality of these sister islands. They also have: * Separate governments and political parties. * Separate police. * Separate money. * Postal systems. * Schools. * and languages. Hong Kong even has her own Olympic team which competed in the 2008 *Beijing* olympics which doesn't make any kind of sense. The only things these sister islands don't have that other countries do: 1) Their own armies. Though that isn't unique with modern countries, and… 2) Formal diplomatic relations. Though even this unclear as both are members of international trade organizations. And other countries have 'embassies' in Hong Kong and Macau, sure China won't let them be called embassies, those are only for **mighty Beijing** -- they're called *consulates* even if they're bigger than Beijing's embassy. All this makes Hong Kong and Macau, as mentioned in a previous video, the most country-like countries that aren't countries. So why are they China? China says so. It's called 'One China, Two Systems' -- though fast-counters in the audience will see it should be called 'One China, *Three* Systems. Also there's China's special economic zones (where capitalism runs free) making it more like 'One China *Four* Systems' -- and if China got her way it might be 'One China, *Five* Systems'. But we can't talk about everything so back to China, Hong Kong, and Macau (oh my!) China ended up having these two essentialy city-states, as always, because Empire. Portugal showed up in Asia in the 1500s and didn't exactly make friends. China and Portugal skirmished until Portugal used Bigger-pile-of-money diplomacy to bribe a local Chinese official into turning over the islands of Macau as a trading port. Later, Britannia found China and discovered she had many of lovely things like silks and porcelain and precious, precious tea that Britannia craved. In return China wanted from Britannia… to be left alone and Britannia nobly agreed to respect China's independence and soverenty. OOPS! OPIUM WARS! Nothing generates demand like addiction -- which Britannia was happy to supply. And, her bigger-gun diplomacy secured Hong Kong as a base through which the drugs must flow. Later in a world where telegraphs and lightbulbs were newfangled a lease gave control of Hong Kong to Britannia for 99 years or quote "as good as forever", kicking the transfer problem down the generations to be delt with by the unimaginably futuristic society of the 1990s. Thus these sister cities grow up under the influence of their Emperiffic parents. Hong Kong had English common law and lived in Britannia's org chart as one of her many crown colonies and Macau had Portuguese civil law. And the parental effect is still seen today: visit Hong Kong and she is clearly Britannia's daughter what with her love of business and international finance (and lasers!) and english-accented language and near-identical transport system. Macau had a more troubled adolescence, as her bigger sister stole the spotlight with her trading skills. But Macau eventually grew up to be the gambling capital of the world. She's Las Vegas x10 with a mixture of Portugal and China. But Empires come and empires go, and the 90s eventually arrived, meaning Britannia's lease expired. Portugal claimed the treaty gave her control of Macau *forever* but China disagreed and the UN was in a no-empires-no-longer mood, and frankly had Portugal complained too much, China could have used her own bigger-army diplomacy at this point to resolve the situation. So the transfer was going to happen: but the world was nervous about China, what with the *lingering communism* and all, so the deal was the Empire's daughters would go *but* they had to remain basically independent, to which China agreed as long as everyone else agreed to call them China. The situation was a bit like if the US had to give Alaska back to Russia and Russia *super* promised to leave Alaska self-governing. You couldn't blame the locals for being nervous. But, unlike what you'd expect in this case China has mostly left the little sister islands alone. So everything is dandy... *however*... The handover came with its own version of the as-good-as-forever clause. China didn't agree to leave Hong Kong and Macau alone *for all time*, only fifty years, again passing political problems to a future generation. (Hopefully one that's actually unimaginably futuristic this time). Anyway, assuming such provincial concerns as these are not rendered irrelevant by the singularity, what happens in the 2040s? Will Hong Kong and Macau remain tiny city-states or will they lose their independence and be absorbed? Only China knows, and China does not say.
Law regarding same-sex sexual activity
Same-sex sexual activity became legal in 1996. The general age of consent for homosexual sex, as well as heterosexual, is 14 years.
According to "Penal Code of Macau" Article 166, committing anal coitus with whomever under the age of 14 is a crime and shall be punished by imprisonment between 3 and up 10 years. If anal coitus is committed with someone 14 to 16 years old, taking advantage of his/her inexperience, is a crime punished with a prison term up to 4 years.
Recognition of same-sex relationships
Same-sex marriage or civil unions are not currently recognised in Macau.
In March 2013, José Pereira Coutinho, a Member of the Legislative Assembly, submitted a bill to the Legislative Assembly to recognize same-sex civil unions, granting them the same rights as heterosexual couples, except the right to adopt. The bill was rejected with the sole vote of Coutinho in favor, 17 votes against and 4 abstentions.
Discrimination protection
The Basic Law of Macau's Article 25 indicates the people of Macau are free from discrimination based on a non-exhaustive list of prohibited factors. Sexual orientation is not included in said list of prohibited discrimination grounds. However, there are anti-discrimination protections based on sexual orientation in the fields of labour relations (article 6/2 of the Law No. 7/2008),[2][3][a] protection of personal data (article 7/1,2 of Law No. 8/2005),[b] and ombudsman (article 31-A of Law No. 4/2012).[c]
The Principle of equality in the Labour Relations Law protects workers and job seekers from discrimination on the ground of sexual orientation.[4] Employers who contravene the principle may be find up to MOP$50,000 for every worker or job seeker affected.[5]
Domestic violence law
In 2011, the Macau government conducted a public consultation on a draft law against domestic violence in which "same-sex cohabitants in an intimate relationship" were in the scope of protection.[6] However, in the concluding report published in 2012, the Macau government decided to drop the reference to same-sex cohabitants for "a lack of social consensus".[6]
In October 2015, Rainbow of Macau submitted a complaint to the UN Committee against Torture alleging the Macau government of "depriving persons in same-sex Relationship of equal protection in domestic violence legislation".[7] The Committee, in its concluding observations on Macau, noted its concern that not "all individuals in an intimate relationship regardless of their sexual orientation" were in the scope of the draft domestic violence law.[8] The Committee urged the Macau government to protect all victims of domestic violence "without discrimination".[8]
In 2016, the Macau government insisted on the exclusion of same-sex cohabitants from the scope of the domestic violence legislation.[9] Rainbow of Macau criticised the Macau government for enacting "a discriminatory law" and expressed its concern about "[sending] a harmful message to Macau communities that discrimination on the ground of sexual orientation is justifiable".[10]
Gender identity
In February 2015, transgender women Avery (pseudonym) talked to the Macau media about the experience of abuse and bullying when she was studying in a local school.[11] Avery requested the Macau authorities to change the gender marker on her identity documents.[11] In June 2015, the Law Reform Consultative Committee announced the commencement of a study on revising the law to allow transgender people to apply for changing gender marker.[12]
In 2020, the UN Human Rights Committee asked the Macau government to provide information on any step taken to "legally recognize transgender persons" and enable them to change the gender marker on identity documents.[13]
Homophobia
Stigmatisation
On 9 June 2015, local newspaper Exmoo published a story on the front page about a high school student allegedly molesting a 9-year-old child. The perpetrator was referred to as "gay demon" (Chinese: 基魔) in the title of the story.[14] Spokesperson for Rainbow of Macau Jason Chao, in an article published in the Macau Concealers, criticised the use of the term "demon".[15] Chao said the Penal Code of Macau treats homosexual and heterosexual sex offenders in the same way. The abuse of power relations, rather than homosexuality, would constitute an aggravation in this criminal case.[15] Chao added that the newspaper's logic would justify the saying that "straight demons" were invading Macau "en masse" since the perpetrators in Macau's sex abuse cases had been predominately heterosexual.[15]
Clinical examination
On 16 August 2018, deputy director of the Education and Youth Affairs Bureau (DSEJ) Leong Vai Kei said that students with "indications of homosexuality" would be referred to doctors or psychologists for a medical examination.[16] Later, Leong claimed that the media had misquoted her and apologised for the incorrect translation from Cantonese.[17]
LGBT rights activism and culture
In late 2012 it was announced the creation of the "Macau LGBT Rights Concern Group", led by openly gay politician Jason Chao. Since the creation of the Concern Group it has had an active presence in local media advocating for LGBT rights, namely the inclusion of gay couples in the domestic violence bill and the recognition of same-sex marriage or civil unions. In April 2013 was created the association "Rainbow of Macau", a new group striving to protect the rights of Macau's LGBT community. The Rainbow of Macau is the city's first gay rights group officially registered and is led by Anthony Lam Ka Long.
Despite the surge in LGBT activism, gay culture in Macau remains mostly invisible. However, the lesbian-themed movie I'm here, directed by Tracy Choi, won the Macau Indies 2012 Jury's Award at the Macau International Film and Video Festival 2012 (MIFVF). According to the newspaper Macau Daily Times, "the movie depicts the problems that homosexuals face in their daily life, especially when living in a small town" like Macau.
Summary table
| Same-sex sexual activity legal |  (Since 1996)
|
| Equal age of consent (14) |
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in employment | (Since 2008) [2]
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in provision of goods and services | 
|
| Anti-discrimination laws in indirect discrimination, hate speech and hate violence |
|
| Same-sex marriages |
|
| Recognition of same-sex couples (e.g. civil partnerships) |
|
| Step-child adoption by same-sex couples |
|
| Joint adoption by same-sex couples |
|
| LGBT people allowed to serve openly in the military |  (China is responsible for defense)
|
| Right to change legal gender |
|
| Intersex minors protected from invasive surgical procedures |
|
| Third gender option |
|
| Conversion therapy banned on minors |
|
| Access to IVF for lesbians |
|
| Automatic parenthood for both spouses after birth |
|
| Commercial surrogacy for gay male couples |
|
| MSMs allowed to donate blood |
|
See also
Notes
- ^ Chinese: 勞動關係法, Cantonese romanization: Lòuhduhng Gwāanhaih Faat;
Portuguese: Lei das relações de trabalho - ^ Chinese: 個人資料保護法, Cantonese romanization: Goyàhn Jīlíu Bóuwuh Faat;
Portuguese: Lei da Protecção de Dados Pessoais - ^ Chinese: 修改第10/2000號法律《澳門特別行政區廉政公署, Cantonese romanization: Sāugói Daih 10/2000 Houh Faatleuht《Oumùhn Dahkbiht Hàhngjingkēui Lìhmjing Gūngchyúh》;
Portuguese: Alteração à Lei n.° 10/2000 "Comissariado contra a Corrupção da Região Administrativa Especial de Macau"
References
- ^ "STATE-SPONSORED HOMOPHOBIA 11TH EDITION" (PDF). ILGA.
- ^ a b "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 19 November 2015. Retrieved 13 April 2022.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "愛瞞日報 Macau Concealers". www.facebook.com. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ Labour Relations Law Article 6 Principle of equality 1. All residents of the Macao Special Administrative Region (Macao SAR) shall have equal opportunities for employment based upon nondiscrimination conditions. 2. No employee or applicant for employment shall be unduly privileged, or discriminated against or deprived of any right or exempted from any duty on ground of, inter alia, national or social origin, descent, race, colour, gender, sexual orientation, age, marital status, language, religion, political or ideological beliefs, membership of associations, education or economic background
- ^ Labour Relations Law Article 85 Contraventions 1. The employer shall be punished with a fine of $ 20 000.00 (twentythousand patacas) to $ 50 000.00 (fifty thousand patacas) for each employee involved for the following infringements: 1) Treat an employee or a job applicant in an unjustified discriminatory manner in violation of paragraph 2 of Article 6;
- ^ a b 《家庭暴力防治法》法律草案公眾諮詢總結報告 (PDF) (Report). 澳門特別行政區政府社會工作局. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ Civil Society Report on Depriving Persons in Same-sex Relationship of Equal Protection in Domestic Violence Legislation of Macau, China (Report). 1 October 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ a b Concluding observations on the fifth periodic report of Macao, China (Report). UN Committee Against Torture (CAT). 3 January 2016. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ "ASSOCIATION SAYS SAME-SEX COUPLES EXCLUDED FROM DOMESTIC VIOLENCE BILL". Macau Daily Times. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ "Rainbow of Macau's Response to Enactment of Discriminatory Domestic Violence Law". Rainbow of Macau. 9 May 2016. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ a b "GROUP SUPPORTS TRANSGENDER PEOPLE REQUESTING ID GENDER CHANGE". Macau Daily Times. 22 February 2015. Retrieved 7 September 2020.
- ^ "法律改革諮詢委員會第十八次全體會議" (Press release). 法律改革及國際法事務局（DSRJDI）. 1 July 2015. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
- ^ List of issues in relation to the second periodic report of Macao, China (Report). Human Rights Committee. 6 August 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ "大哥哥原來是「基魔」 九歲男童遭學長三度性侵". 力報. 9 June 2015. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ a b c Jason Chao (10 June 2015). "【愛瞞博客】有「基魔」？「直魔」係咪更多？". Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ CATARINA VILA NOVA (23 August 2018). "CLINICAL EXAMS FOR HOMOSEXUAL STUDENTS". Macau Closer. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
- ^ Nelson Moura (28 August 2018). "Education bureau should "learn" from controversy to destigmatise sexual minorities in local schools – Gay rights activist". Macau Business. Retrieved 6 September 2020.
This page was last edited on 20 July 2023, at 00:15