To install click the Add extension button. That's it.

The source code for the WIKI 2 extension is being checked by specialists of the Mozilla Foundation, Google, and Apple. You could also do it yourself at any point in time.

How to transfigure the Wikipedia

Would you like Wikipedia to always look as professional and up-to-date? We have created a browser extension. It will enhance any encyclopedic page you visit with the magic of the WIKI 2 technology.

Try it — you can delete it anytime.

Install in 5 seconds
4,5
Kelly Slayton
Congratulations on this excellent venture… what a great idea!
Alexander Grigorievskiy
I use WIKI 2 every day and almost forgot how the original Wikipedia looks like.
Live Statistics
English Articles
Improved in 24 Hours
Added in 24 Hours
What we do. Every page goes through several hundred of perfecting techniques; in live mode. Quite the same Wikipedia. Just better.
Great Wikipedia has got greater.
.
Leo
Newton
Brights
Milds

Jiří Gruša

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jiří Gruša
Jiří Gruša in 2011
Jiří Gruša in 2011
Born(1938-11-10)November 10, 1938
Pardubice, Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic)
DiedOctober 28, 2011(2011-10-28) (aged 72)
Bad Oeynhausen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
Occupation
  • Poet
  • novelist
  • translator
  • diplomat
  • politician
NationalityCzech
Notable awardsJaroslav Seifert Prize (2002)
ChildrenMartin Gruša
Signature
President of
PEN International
In office
October 2003 – October 2009
Preceded byHomero Aridjis
Succeeded byJohn Ralston Saul

Jiří Gruša (10 November 1938, in Pardubice – 28 October 2011, in Bad Oeynhausen[1]) was a Czech poet, novelist, translator, diplomat and politician.[2]

YouTube Encyclopedic

  • 1/5
    Views:
    320
    710
    402
    855
    407
  • Měsíc autorského čtení / Authors´Reading Month 2011: Jiří Gruša (Brno)
  • Petr Jokeš + Jiří Gruša 🇨🇿 CZESI + CZECHY
  • Jiří Gruša Kouzla kapitulace. Jiří Gruša - Im Banne der Kapitulation.
  • Reflexe doby před rokem 1989 v literatuře (12. 6. 2014)
  • Jiří Svoboda (režisér) - Život

Transcription

Life and career

Gruša was born in Pardubice, then Czechoslovakia (present-day Czech Republic), and later moved to Prague.[2] He graduated from the Philosophical Faculty of Charles University in Prague. He worked for periodicals Tvář, Sešity and Nové knihy.

He started coming under the scrutiny of the communist regime of then Czechoslovakia in 1969 because of his writings.[3] He was banned from publishing and had to work in a construction cooperative. He took part in distribution of samizdat literature. He was arrested in 1974 for "the crime of initiating disorder" after distributing nineteen copies of his first novel, Dotazník (The Questionnaire) and voicing his intention to have it published in Switzerland.[4] After world-wide protest, he was released after two months.[4] He later became a signatory of the human rights document, Charter 77.[2] In 1981 his citizenship was revoked,[4] and between 1982 and 1990 he lived in the Federal Republic of Germany.[3]

In 1990 conditions in Czechoslovakia became more favorable and he returned to work for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From 1991 to 1997, he served as an ambassador to Germany. Later, he joined the minority government of Václav Klaus as a Minister of Education. The government lost support of the opposition parties and President Václav Havel orchestrated establishment of a new caretaker government. Even though Gruša was a non-party minister, he was replaced by Jan Sokol. He served as an ambassador to Austria until 2004.[5] From 2005 to 2009 he was Director of the Diplomatic Academy of Vienna. From 2004 to 2009 he was the President of PEN International.[5]

Gruša participated in standardisation of the term "Tschechien" as the official name of the Czech Republic in German language. See Name of the Czech Republic for overview.

Gruša died at the age of 72 on 28 October 2011 during a heart operation in Germany. Václav Havel wrote (before his own death a month and a half later on 18 December) that Gruša was "one of a few close people whom I deeply respected and who have left this world recently."[6]

Awards and honors

Works

English translated

Czech language

  • Umění stárnout [The Art of Aging]
  • Gebrauchsanweisung für Tschechien und Prag [Instruction Manual for the Czech Republic and Prague]
  • Grušas Wacht am Rhein aneb Putovní ghetto [The Watch on the Rhein]

Original in German

  • Beneš als Österreicher Wieser Verlag, Klagenfurt 2012 ISBN 9783990290088

References

  1. ^ "Schriftsteller und Politiker Jiří Gruša gestorben". Der Standard. 28 October 2011. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Jiří Gruša (1938-2011), Stephan Delbos, 31 October 2011, The Prague Post Book Blog
  3. ^ a b "Jiří Gruša" (in Czech). Festival spisovatelů Praha. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  4. ^ a b c "Interview with Jirí Grusa", Context N°17, Daily Archive Press
  5. ^ a b Horáková, Pavla (12 December 2003). "Jiri Grusa on his plans as PEN Club President". Czech Radio. Retrieved 1 February 2010.
  6. ^ "Writer and diplomat Jiří Gruša dies aged 72". Prague Daily Monitor. 31 October 2011. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 25 January 2012.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Jiří Gruša.
Non-profit organization positions
Preceded by International President of PEN International
2003–2009 		Succeeded by
This page was last edited on 24 May 2024, at 03:42
Basis of this page is in Wikipedia. Text is available under the CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported License. Non-text media are available under their specified licenses. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. WIKI 2 is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wikimedia Foundation.
Contact WIKI 2
Introduction
Terms of Service
Privacy Policy