| Holmesina Temporal range: Early Pliocene-Late Pleistocene
(NALMA: Blancan-Rancholabrean) (SALMA: Uquian-Lujanian) ~ | |
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| Fossil skeleton of H. septentrionalis | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Cingulata |
| Family: | †Pampatheriidae |
| Genus: | †Holmesina Simpson 1930 |
| Species | |
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Holmesina is a genus of pampathere, an extinct group of armadillo-like xenarthrans that were distantly related to extant armadillos. Like armadillos, and unlike the other extinct branch of megafaunal cingulates, the glyptodonts, the shell was made up of flexible plates which allowed the animal to move more easily.
Holmesina individuals were much larger than any modern armadillo: They could reach a length of 2 metres (6.6 ft), and a weight of 227 kilograms (500 lb), while the modern giant armadillo does not attain more than 54 kilograms (119 lb).[2]
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Transcription
Distribution
They traveled north during the faunal interchange, and adapted well to North America, like the ground sloths, glyptodonts, armadillos, capybaras, and other South American immigrants. Their fossils are found from Brazil to the United States,[3] mostly in Texas and Florida.
Diet
Holmesina species were herbivores that grazed on coarse vegetation; armadillos are mostly insectivorous or omnivorous.[4] H. paulacoutoi was a generalist plant-eater but had a preference for C4 plants.[5]
References
- ^ Moura, J. F.; Gois, F.; Galliari, F. C.; Fernandes, M. A. (2019). "A new and most complete pampathere (Mammalia, Xenarthra, Cingulata) from the Quaternary of Bahia, Brazil". Zootaxa. 4661 (3): 401–444. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4661.3.1. PMID 31716695. S2CID 202858857.
- ^ "Yahoo! Groups". Archived from the original on November 24, 2013.
- ^ "Holmesina Simpson 1930". Paleobiology Database. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
- ^ Vizcaíno, S. F.; De Iuliis, G.; Bargo, M. S. (1998). "Skull Shape, Masticatory Apparatus, and Diet of Vassallia and Holmesina (Mammalia: Xenarthra: Pampatheriidae): When Anatomy Constrains Destiny". Journal of Mammalian Evolution. 5 (4): 291–322. doi:10.1023/A:1020500127041. S2CID 20186439.
- ^ Lessa, Carlos Micael Bonfim; Gomes, Verônica Santos; Cherkinsky, Alexander; Dantas, Mário André Trindade (December 2021). "Isotopic paleoecology (δ13C, δ18O) of two megamammals assemblages from the late pleistocene of Brazilian intertropical region". Journal of South American Earth Sciences. 112: 103576. doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2021.103576. Retrieved 3 May 2024 – via Elsevier Science Direct.
Further reading
- J. C. Cisneros. 2005. New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador. Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia 8(3):239-255
- P. J. Gaudioso, G. M. Gasparini, and R. M. Barquez. 2016. Paleofauna del Pleistoceno de Termas de Rio Hondo, Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Ameghiniana 53(6):54-54
- J. I. Mead, S. L. Swift, R. S. White, H. G. McDonald, and A. Baez. 2007. Late Pleistocene (Rancholabrean) glyptodont and pampathere (Xenarthra, Cingulata) from Sonora, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas 24(3):439-449
Genera of armadillos and their extinct allies | |||||||
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This page was last edited on 4 May 2024, at 00:44