Hemicyoninae

Hemicyoninae Temporal range: Early Oligocene to Late Miocene 33.9–5.3 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Hemicyon sansaniensis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Ursidae
Subfamily:	†Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
Tribes and genera
Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013 †Adelpharctos^[1] †Cyonarctos^[2] †Phoberogale^[2] †Filholictis^[2] †Cephalogale^[2] Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995 †Plithocyon †Phoberocyon Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926 †Zaragocyon †Dinocyon †Hemicyon

Hemicyoninae is an extinct subfamily of Ursidae,^[2]^[1] often called dog bears (literally "half dog" (Greek: ἡμικυων hemi-kyōn)). They were bear-like carnivorans living in Europe, North America, Africa and Asia during the Oligocene through Miocene epochs 33.9–5.3 Ma, existing for approximately 28.6 million years. They are sometimes classified as a separate family.^[3]

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Systematics

The hemicyonines consists of three tribes: the Cephalogalini, Phoberocyonini, and Hemicyonini. In the past the hemicyonines were evaluated into family level (Hemicyonidae).^[3] However the vast majority of papers and researchers that cover the evolution of bears often classified them as an extinct subfamily of ursids or stem-bears.^[4]^[5] The genus Agriotherium was once classified as a hemicyonine^[3] but recent work has shown the genus is a crown-ursid.^[6]

Subfamily †Hemicyoninae Frick, 1926
- Tribe †Cephalogalini de Bonis, 2013
  - †Adelpharctos de Bonis, 1971
    - †Adelpharctos ginsburgi de Bonis, 2011
    - †Adelpharctos mirus de Bonis, 1971
  - †Cyonarctos de Bonis, 2013
    - †Cyonarctos dessei de Bonis, 2013
  - †Phoberogale Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    - †Phoberogale minor (Filhol, 1877)
    - †Phoberogale bonali (Helbing, 1928)
    - †Phoberogale depereti (Viret, 1929)
    - †Phoberogale gracile (Pomel, 1847)
  - †Filholictis de Bonis, 2013
    - †Filholictis filholi (Munier-Chalmas, 1877)
  - †Cephalogale Jourdan, 1862
    - †Cephalogale shareri Wang, et al., 2009
    - †Cephalogale gergoviensis Viret, 1929
    - †Cephalogale ginesticus Kuss, 1962
    - †Cephalogale geoffroyi Jourdan, 1862
- Tribe †Phoberocyonini Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
  - †Plithocyon Ginsburg, 1955
    - †Plithocyon armagnacensis Ginsburg, 1955
    - †Plithocyon statzlingii (Frick, 1926)
    - †Plithocyon bruneti Ginsburg, 1980
    - †Plithocyon barstowensis (Frick, 1926)
    - †Plithocyon ursinus (Cope, 1875)
  - †Phoberocyon Ginsburg, 1955
    - †Phoberocyon hispanicus Ginsburg & Morales, 1998
    - †Phoberocyon dehmi Ginsburg, 1955
    - †Phoberocyon huerzeleri Ginsburg, 1955
    - †Phoberocyon aurelianensis (Mayet, 1908)
    - †Phoberocyon youngi Xiang et al., 1986
    - †Phoberocyon johnhenryi (White, 1947)
- Tribe †Hemicyonini Frick, 1926
  - †Zaragocyon Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
    - †Zaragocyon daamsi Ginsburg & Morales, 1995
  - †Dinocyon Jourdan, 1861
    - †Dinocyon aurelianensis Frick, 1926
    - †Dinocyon sansaniensis Frick, 1926
    - †Dinocyon thenardi Jourdan, 1861
  - †Hemicyon Lartet, 1851
    - †Hemicyon barbouri Colbert, 1941
    - †Hemicyon teilhardi Colbert, 1939
    - †Hemicyon grivensis Frick, 1926
    - †Hemicyon minor Dépéret, 1887
    - †Hemicyon sansaniensis Lartet, 1851

References

Wikispecies has information related to Hemicyonidae.

^ ^a ^b L. de Bonis (2011). "A new species of Adelpharctos (Mammalia, Carnivora, Ursidae) from the late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France)". Estudios Geológicos. 67 (2): 179–186. doi:10.3989/egeol.40553.181.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e Louis De Bonis (2013). "Ursidae (Mammalia, Carnivora) from the Late Oligocene of the "Phosphorites du Quercy" (France) and a reappraisal of the genus Cephalogale Geoffroy, 1862". Geodiversitas. 35 (4): 787–814. doi:10.5252/g2013n4a4. S2CID 131561629.
^ ^a ^b ^c McKenna, M.C.; Bell, S. (1997). Classification of nammals above the species level. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231528535.
^ Hunt, R. M. (1998). "Ursidae". In Jacobs, Louis; Janis, Christine M.; Scott, Kathleen L. (eds.). Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America: Volume 1, Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulate like Mammals. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 174–195. ISBN 0-521-35519-2.
^ Jiangzuo, Qigao; Flynn, John J. (2020-06-26). "The Earliest Ursine Bear Demonstrates the Origin of Plant-Dominated Omnivory in Carnivora". iScience. 23 (6): 101235. Bibcode:2020iSci...23j1235J. doi:10.1016/j.isci.2020.101235. ISSN 2589-0042. PMC 7303987. PMID 32559731.
^ Jiangzuo, Q.; Flynn, J. J.; Wang, S.; Hou, S.; Deng, T. (2023). "New fossil giant panda relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): a basal lineage of gigantic Mio-Pliocene cursorial carnivores". American Museum Novitates (3996): 1–71. doi:10.1206/3996.1. hdl:2246/7315. S2CID 257508340.

Extinct members of the family Ursidae

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Caniformia

†Hemicyoninae

†Cephalogalini	†Adelpharctos †Cephalogale †Cyonarctos †Filholictis †Phoberogale
†Hemicyonini	†Dinocyon †Hemicyon †Zaragocyon
†Phoberocyonini	†Phoberocyon †Plithocyon