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HMS Beagle (1804)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

For other ships with the same name, see List of ships named HMS Beagle.

Beagle
History
Royal Navy EnsignUnited Kingdom
NameHMS Beagle
NamesakeThe Beagle breed of dog
Ordered22 May 1804
BuilderPerry, Wells & Green, Blackwall Yard
Laid downJune 1804
Launched8 August 1804
CompletedBy 7 October 1804
Commissioned1804
Out of service1813
Honours and
awards
FateSold on 21 July 1814
General characteristics [3]
Class and type18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop
Tons burthen38282⁄94 (bm)
Length
  • 100 ft (30.5 m) (gundeck)
  • 77 ft 3+1⁄4 in (23.6 m) (keel)
Beam30 ft 6+1⁄4 in (9.3 m)
Depth of hold12 ft 10+1⁄2 in (3.92 m)
Sail planBrig rigged
Complement121
Armament18 guns:16 × 32-pounder carronades + 2 × 6-pounder bow guns

HMS Beagle was an 18-gun Cruizer-class brig-sloop of the Royal Navy. She was launched in 1804, during the Napoleonic Wars. She played a major role in the Battle of the Basque Roads. Beagle was laid up in ordinary in 1813 and sold in 1814.

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Transcription

I would like to introduce you to one of the most amazing scientists who have ever lived. So famous, that more places on Earth have been named after him than any human being. So famous, that President Thomas Jefferson said he was the most important scientist he ever met. And Simon Bolivar called him the true discoverer of South America. On the 100th anniversary of his birth, every story on the front page of <i>The New York Times</i> was written about him. Who is this scientist and what did he do that was so extraordinary? His name is Alexander Von Humboldt. Never heard of him? Most people haven't. His name has been lost in history, but here is what he did. Alexander Von Humboldt started as a practicing geologist, but when an inheritance allowed him the freedom to travel, he began an incredible, five-year scientific journey through South America, Mexico, and Cuba. From 1799 to 1804, Von Humboldt and his botonist partner, Aime Bonpland, traveled through the jungles of Venezuela, made detailed drawings of Inca ruins while exploring the mountains of Peru, and traversed the breadth of Mexico and Cuba. He explored the length of the Orinoco River in Venezuela. This 1700 mile portion of the trip was filled with danger, disease, and fantastic new discoveries. For example, Von Humboldt was the first explorer to witness the preparation of the curare plant for poison arrows. He recognized the importance of the cinchona tree, whose bark contains quinine, which is a malaria cure, and discovered the ocean current, which limits rainfall on the coast of Peru, later named the Humboldt Current. He discovered and described many new species of plants and animals, including the electric eel. In Ecuador, he climbed the one of the highest volcanoes, Chimborazo, so that he could record air pressure, something no one had ever done at this altitude. The entire journey covered over 24,000 miles, the same distance as the circumference of the Earth. Along the way, he took measurements about the shape of the land, its temperature, the air pressure, and the strength of magnetic fields. By connecting places of identical temperatures, he created contour maps with lines of similar temperatures, which he called "isotherms". Because Humboldt invented these maps, scientists began to see patterns in the life and the types of life present in certain places, and he became a pioneer in the visual presentation of scientific data. These discoveries and measurements were critical to what made him such an important scientist. Until Humboldt, scientists who described new plants and animals did not clearly see the crucial connection between living things and the places in which they lived, called habitats. They did not appreciate the role of the environment on the diversity of life. Humboldt discovered and understood the importance of these connections. Because of this, he is considered the founder of biogeography. He also developed a theory called the "Unity of Nature," which shows the interconnectedness of all nature. This knowledge plays a vital role in the preservation and protection of our habitat. His book, <i>Cosmos</i>, describes this theory and is still in print today. As celebrated a scientist as he was, Von Humboldt was also generous, thus serving another role in the world. He was the mentor and teacher to younger scientists. In fact, just recently it was discovered the crucial role that Humboldt played in the work of his most famous pen-pal, Charles Darwin. A young Darwin read Humboldt extensively and wrote in his diary while on the Beagle, "I am at present fit only to read Humboldt. He, like another sun, illuminates everything I behold." Today, although Humboldt is known and revered by a small community of scientists, he is almost totally forgotten by many of us. Alexander Von Humboldt's influence is apparent everywhere and in every scientific discipline. He is, perhaps, the most important forgotten man of science. But he doesn't have to be, because if you remember him, perhaps his influence will be celebrated.

Career

Beagle was commissioned in August 1804 under Commander John Burn, who sailed her to the Mediterranean.[3] On 5 December Burn and Beagle captured the Spanish ship Fuenta Hermosa.[4] Burn was temporarily relieved by Commander George Digby between June and August 1805, after which she joined Sir John Orde’s squadron off Cádiz.[3]

On 14 January 1805, Beagle captured the Spanish ship Pastora Hermosa, which was carrying bullion.[5]

Commander Francis Newcombe left the hired armed ship Lord Eldon to replace Burn in February 1806; Beagle remained in the Mediterranean until 1807. On 27 April 1806, Beagle and a number of other vessels were in company with Termagant when Termagant captured Anna Maria Carolina.[6] Beagle then moved to the Downs where she operated between 1808 and 1809.

While under Newcombe's command Beagle captured three privateers in the English Channel. She captured Hazard, of 14 guns and 49 men, on 2 October 1808, Vengeur, of 16 guns and 48 men, on 24 January 1809, and Fortune, of 14 guns and 58 men, on 18 February.[3][7]

  • Hazard, which was under the command of Joseph Marie Lelong, had one man badly wounded before Beagle was able to capture her after a three-hour chase. Hazard had left Dieppe the day before and had captured two light colliers (the Trinity Yacht and Assistance),[8] but Newcombe was unable to find and recapture them.[9][10] Hazard had been Matthew, of Sunderland, and was carrying a cargo of coals.[11]
  • Vengeur was in company with Grand Napoleon, which escaped. Vengeur herself did not surrender until Beagle came alongside, though her captain, M. Bourgnie,[12] was wounded.[13] Vengeur had made no captures.[14]
  • Fortune, under Captain Tucker, had one man badly wounded. She was out of Calais and had made no captures.[15]

Participation at the Battle of the Basque Roads

Beagle arrived at Basque Roads on 10 April, having escorted from the Downs the convoy of fireships that were to attack the French anchorage the next day.[16] Beagle was the second ship (after the bomb vessel Aetna) to voluntarily arrive to aid Cochrane's Imperieuse after the successful fireship attack, her crew reportedly giving Cochrane three cheers upon arriving. The prize crew that took possession and later burnt the French ship-of-the-line Calcutta, was under the command of a lieutenant from Beagle and a midshipman from Imperieuse. Beagle also took part in the bombardment of the French ships Aquilon and Ville de Varsovie, skilfully manoeuvring to fire, unlike other British ships that were anchoring to engage.[17]

Beagle was one of the few ships joining Cochrane in ignoring Rear-Admiral Robert Stopford's recall order. Cochrane tasked her with protecting Aetna during the move upriver. Newcombe therefore placed Beagle between Aetna and the grounded French battleships. As a result, Beagle took heavy damage to her rigging and expended nearly all of her powder.[17] Beagle had one man wounded.[18]

Newcombe's achievements and valour resulted in his receiving promotion to post-captain after the battle.[19][a] In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the then-surviving participants in the battle the Naval General Service Medal with the clasp "Basque Roads 1809". Two of Beagle's sister ships, Dotterel and Foxhound were also present at the Basque Roads.

Later years

Later in 1809 Commander William Dolling took command of Beagle, following Newcombe's promotion. In July and August, Beagle took part in the Scheldt operations.[3][21]

On 4 November Beagle and <i>Echo</i> recaptured Mount Royal, of Pool.[22] On 8 February 1810 Beagle recaptured the brig Resource.[23][b] On 10 October Dollin and Beagle captured the smuggling lugger Ox, for which they received a reward from the Commissioners of His Majesty's Customs.[24]

On 13 June 1810 Beagle captured the smuggling boat Fly, of Bexhill. Three days later she captured several smuggling galleys.[25] Apparently the officers and crew of Beagle purchased the cargo of two of the galleys and sold it.[26]

Commander John Smith took command of Beagle in August 1811. On 14 August 1813, Beagle, in company with <i>President</i>, the gun-brig <i>Urgent</i>, and the schooner Juniper, captured Marmion.[27]

Beagle, Juniper, and Holly participated in the Siege of San Sebastián (7 July – 8 September 1813) as part of the fleet under Captain George Collier assigned to help Sir Arthur Wellesley's campaigns in Portugal and Spain. Beagle had one man dangerously wounded in the taking of the battery on Santa Clara Island.[28] Later, the seamen from the squadron, under Smith's command, maneuvered 24-pounder guns from Surveillante up the steep scarp of Saint Clara Island to assemble their own battery facing San Sebastian, which allowed them to silence the guns there.[29] Smith was slightly wounded while being in charge of the seamen on shore engaged in taking the French battery on Saint Clara Island and in the subsequent operations.[30] In 1847 the Admiralty authorized the issuance of the Naval General service Medal with clasp "St. Sebastian" to surviving participants in the campaign.

On 30 November Beagle was in company with Rover when Rover captured the American brig Empress.[31]

Fate

Beagle was laid up in ordinary at Plymouth in 1813. She was sold there on 21 July 1814 for the sum of £900.[3]

Notes

  1. ^ Head money was paid in March 1819. An ordinary seaman received 13 shillings; a first-class share was worth £86 13s 2¼d.[20]
  2. ^ Resource, of 148 tons (bm), Drabwell, master, had been launched at Newcastle in 1794. She had been taken off Beachy Head on her way back to London from Lisbon.

Citations

  1. ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 243.
  2. ^ "No. 20939". The London Gazette. 26 January 1849. p. 244.
  3. ^ a b c d e f Winfield (2008), p. 294.
  4. ^ "No. 16052". The London Gazette. 1 August 1807. p. 1019.
  5. ^ "No. 15914". The London Gazette. 29 April 1806. p. 546.
  6. ^ "No. 16487". The London Gazette. 21 May 1811. p. 946.
  7. ^ Norie (1827), p. 514.
  8. ^ "No. 16188". The London Gazette. 1 October 1808. p. 1354.
  9. ^ The European Magazine, 1808, p.395.
  10. ^ "The Marine List". Lloyd's List. No. 4289. 4 August 1808. hdl:2027/hvd.32044105232946. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  11. ^ "No. 16368". The London Gazette. 8 May 1810. p. 677.
  12. ^ "No. 16223". The London Gazette. 24 January 1809. p. 110.
  13. ^ Ralfe (1820), p. 122.
  14. ^ Naval Chronicle, Vol. 21, p.164.
  15. ^ The Gentleman's magazine, Volume 79, Part 1, p.263.
  16. ^ Cordingly, pg. 184
  17. ^ a b Cordingly, pg. 197-200
  18. ^ "No. 16248". The London Gazette. 21 April 1809. p. 539.
  19. ^ Cordingly, pg. 208
  20. ^ "No. 17458". The London Gazette. 9 March 1819. p. 450.
  21. ^ "No. 16650". The London Gazette. 26 September 1812. p. 1971.
  22. ^ "No. 16358". The London Gazette. 3 April 1810. p. 512.
  23. ^ "No. 16377". The London Gazette. 9 June 1810. p. 847.
  24. ^ "No. 16483". The London Gazette. 7 May 1811. p. 850.
  25. ^ "No. 16751". The London Gazette. 10 July 1813. p. 1366.
  26. ^ "No. 16755". The London Gazette. 20 July 1813. p. 1438.
  27. ^ "No. 16888". The London Gazette. 23 April 1814. p. 864.
  28. ^ "No. 16774". The London Gazette. 14 September 1813. p. 1826.
  29. ^ "No. 16775". The London Gazette. 20 September 1813. pp. 1853–1854.
  30. ^ "No. 16775". The London Gazette. 20 September 1813. p. 1856.
  31. ^ "No. 16874". The London Gazette. 26 March 1814. p. 661.

References

  • Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8.
  • Cordingly, David. (2007) (US title)Cochrane: The Real Master and Commander. Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing PLC, 448pp, ISBN 1-58234-534-1. (UK title: Cochrane The Dauntless: The Life and Adventures of Thomas Cochrane, 1775-1860) London: Bloomsbury, ISBN 978-0-7475-8088-1
  • Daly, Gavin (2007) "English Smugglers, the Channel, and the Napoleonic Wars, 1800-1814". Journal of British Studies 46 (1), pp. 30–46.
  • Norie, J. W. (1827). The naval gazetteer, biographer and chronologist; containing a history of the late wars from 1793 to 1801; and from 1803 to 1815, and continued, as to the biographical part to the present time. London: C. Wilson. OCLC 680860700.
  • Ralfe, James (1820). The naval chronology of Great Britain; or, An historical account of naval and maritime events from the commencement of the war in 1803 to the end of the year 1816. Whitmore and Fenn.
  • Winfield, Rif (2008). British Warships in the Age of Sail 1793–1817: Design, Construction, Careers and Fates. Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-246-7.

External links

This page was last edited on 18 July 2023, at 06:38
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