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Conference on Latin American History

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Conference on Latin American History, (CLAH), founded in 1926, is the professional organization of Latin American historians affiliated with the American Historical Association. It publishes the journal The Hispanic American Historical Review.[1][2]

YouTube Encyclopedic

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  • Latin American Revolutions: Crash Course World History #31
  • Understanding Latin America.
  • Latin American Literature documentary
  • [Lecture] Latin America: A Decoding Guide by Alfredo Toro Hardy
  • Indigenous Knowledge and the Making of Colonial Latin America (Video 1 of 7)

Transcription

Hi, I’m John Green, this is Crash Course World History and today things are going to get a little bit confusing, because we’re going to talk about revolution and independence in Latin America. It’s a bit confusing because 1. Latin America is big, 2. It’s very diverse, 3. Napoleon makes everything complicated and 4. As we’ve seen in the past, sometimes revolutions turn out not to be not that revolutionary. [why a solid marketing dept. is key] Witness, for instance, the New England Revolution, who instead of, like, trying to form new and better governments are always just kicking balls around like all the other soccer [futbol] teams. [Intro music] [intro music] [intro music] [intro music] [intro music] [intro music] [intro music] Right, so before independence, Latin American society was characterized by three institutions that exercised control over the population. The first was the Spanish Crown, or if you are Brazilian, the Portuguese crown. So, as far as Spain was concerned, the job of the colonies was to produce revenue in the form of a 20% tax on everything that was called “the royal fifth.” So government administration was pervasive and relatively efficient— because it had to be in order to collect its royal fifth. I mean, the church even controlled time – the church bells tolled out the hours and they mandated a seven day work week so that people could go to church on Sunday. [so HobbyLobby store hours aren't super inconvenient, they're just old skool?] And finally, there was patriarchy. [yeuup, there's a shocker] In Latin America, like much of the world, husbands had complete control over their wives and any extra-or-pre-marital skoodilypooping was severely punished. I mean, when it was the women doing the illicit skoodilypooping. Men could basically get up to whatever. [RIP Helen Gurley Brown. much love] This was mainly about property rights because illegitimate children could inherit their father’s property, but it was constructed to be about, you know, purity. To get a sense of how patriarchy shaped Latin American lives, take a gander at Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz, whose name I’m actually abbreviating. A child prodigy who spoke five languages by the age of 16, de la Cruz wanted to disguise herself as a boy so she could attend University, [plot of 80's flick Just One of the Guys] but she was forbidden to do so. Still, she wrote plays and poetry, she studied math and natural science, [Girls do Get Curves, Danica McKellar!] and for being one of the leading minds of the 17th century, she was widely attacked, and eventually forced to abandon her work and sell all 4,000 of her books. That’s a shame because she had a great mind, once writing that “Aristotle would have written more if he had done any cooking.” [oooh, snap!] Couple other things: First, Latin America led the world in transculturation or Cultural Blending. A new and distinct Latin American culture emerged mixing 1. Whites from Spain called Peninsulares, 2. Whites born in the Americas called creoles, 3. Native Americans, and 4. African slaves. This blending of cultures may be most obvious when looking at Native American and African influences upon Christianity. The Virgin of Guadalupe, for instance, was still called Tonantzin, the indigenous earth goddess, by Indians, and the profusion of blood in Mexican iconography recalls the Aztec use of blood in ritual. But transculturation pervaded Latin American life, from food to secular music to fashion. Somewhat related: Latin America had a great deal of racial diversity and a rigid social hierarchy to match. There were four basic racial categories: white, black, mestizo –a mix of white and American Indian- and mulatto, a mix of white and black. We try not to use that word anymore because it’s offensive, but that’s the word they used. And from the 16th century on, Latin America had a huge diversity of mixed race people, and there were constant attempts to classify them and divide them into castes. You can see some of these in so called casta paintings, which attempted to establish in a very weird and Enlightenment-y way all the possible racial combinations. But of course that’s not how race works, as evidenced by the fact that successful people of lower racial castes could become “legally white” by being granted gracias al sacar. [pretty jacked up, white? right, I mean..] So by 1800, on the eve of Latin America’s independence movements, roughly a quarter of the population were mixed race. So Brazil… he said as thousands of Argentinians booed him— is obviously different because it was ruled, not by Spain, but by Portugal. But like a lot of revolutions in Latin America, it was fairly conservative. The creoles wanted to maintain their privilege while also achieving independence from the Peninsulares. And also like a lot of Latin American revolutions, it featured Napoleon. [forever makes me think of Bill &Ted] Freaking Napoleon. You’re everywhere. [except in line for certain roller coasters] He’s behind me, isn’t he? Gah. So when Napoleon took over Portugal in 1807, the entire Portuguese royal family and their royal court decamped to Brazil. And it turned out, they loved Brazil. King Joao loved Brazil so much. Off topic, but do you think that J-Woww named herself after King Joao? I mean, does she have that kind of historical sensibility? I think she does. [that whole bit really just happened, btw] So King Joao’s life in Rio was so good that even after Napoleon was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo, he just kind of stayed in Brazil. And then, by 1820, the Portuguese in Portugal were like, “Hey, maybe you should come back and, like, you know, govern us, King of Portugal.” So in 1821, he reluctantly returned to Lisbon, leaving his son Prince Pedro behind. Meanwhile, Brazilian creoles were organizing themselves around the idea that they were culturally different from Portugal, and they eventually f ormed a Brazilian Party— no, Stan not that kind of party, come on— yes. That kind. A Brazilian party to lobby for independence. Then in 1822, they convinced Prince Pedro of boring, old Portugal that he should just become King Pedro of sexy, big Brazil. So Pedro declared Brazil an independent constitutional monarchy with himself as king. [as one does, naturally] As a result, Brazil achieved independence without much bloodshed and managed to hold on to that social hierarchy with the plantation owners on top. And that explains why Brazil was the last new world country to abolish slavery, not fully abandoning it until 1888. Right, so even when Napoleon wasn’t forcing Portuguese royals into an awesome exile, he was still messing with Latin America. Let’s go to the Thought Bubble. So Latin America’s independence movements began not with Brazil, but in Mexico when Napoleon put his brother on the Spanish throne in 1808. [nepotism; always a classy move] Napoleon wanted to institute the liberal principles of the French Revolution, which angered the ruling elite of the Peninsulares in what was then called New Spain. They were aristocrats and they just wanted to go back to some good old-fashioned divine right monarchy with a strong church. So the Mexican Creoles, seeking to expand their own power at the expense of the Peninsular elite saw an opportunity here. They affirmed their loyalty to the new king, who was French even though he was the king of Spain. I told you this was complicated. Then, a massive peasant uprising began, led by a renegade priest Padre Hidalgo, and supported by the Creoles because it was aimed at the Peninsulares, even though they weren’t actually the ones who supported Spain. This was further complicated by the fact that to the mestizo peasants led by Hidalgo, Creoles and Peninsulares looked and acted basically identical— they were both white and imperious— [preferable to avada kedavrious?] so the peasants often attacked the Creoles, who were, technically on their side in trying to overthrow the ruling peninsulares. Even though it had tens of thousands of supporters, this first peasant uprising petered out. But, a second peasant revolt, led by another priest, Father Morelos, was much more revolutionary. In 1813, he declared independence and the revolt lasted until his death in 1815. But since he was a mestizo, he didn’t gain much Creole support, so revolutionary fervor in Mexico began to fade until … 1820, when Spain, which was now under the rule of a Spanish, rather than a French king, had a REAL liberal revolution with a new constitution that limited the power of the church. Thanks, Thought Bubble. So, in the wake of Spain’s liberalizing movements, the Mexican elites, who had previously supported Spain, switched sides and made common cause with the creoles in the hopes that they could somehow hold onto their privileges. And pushing for independence together, things went very well. [stay together to stay alive, just like L4D!] The Creole general Iturbide and the rebel mestizo commander Guerrero joined forces and won independence with most of the Peninsulares returning to Spain. Iturbide –the whiter of the two generals – became king of Mexico in 1822 (remember, this was a revolution essentially AGAINST representative government). But that didn’t work out and within a year he was overthrown by the military and a republic was declared. Popular sovereignty was sort of victorious, but without much benefit to the peasants who actually made independence possible. This alliance between conservative landowning elites and the army - especially in the face of calls for land reform or economic justice— would happen over and over again in Latin America for the next century and a half. But before we come to any conclusions, let’s discuss one last revolution. But, the interior of Venezuela was home to mixed-race cowboys called llaneros who supported the king. They kept the Caracas revolutionaries from extending their power inland. And that, is where Simon Bolivar, “el Libertador,” [young portrait w foppish 'stache is fave] enters the picture. Bolivar realized that the only way to overcome the various class divisions (like the one between the Caracas creoles and llaneros) was to appeal to a common sense of South American-ness. I mean, after all, the one thing that almost all South Americans had in common: they were born in South America, NOT SPAIN. So then, partly through shows of toughness that included, like, crossing flooded plains and going without sleep, Bolivar convinced the llaneros to give up fighting for Spain and start fighting against them. He quickly captured the viceregal capital at Bogota and by 1822 his forces had taken Caracas and Quito. Hold on, hold on. Lest I be attacked by Argentinians [to get back the plutonium you stole?] who are already upset about what I said about their really good soccer team, I want to make one thing clear. Argentina’s general Jose de San Martin was also vital to the defeat of the Spanish. He led an expeditions against the Spanish in Chile and also a really important one in Lima. [helping McKinley advance to Nationals over dreaded rivals, Vocal Adrenaline] And then, in December of 1824, at the battle of Ayacucho, the last Spanish viceroy was finally captured and all of Latin America was free from Spain. Oh, it’s time for the open letter? That’s A chair, Stan, but it’s not THE chair. [damp spirit kicks internal pebble] [rolls with broken heart to unimpressive leather-not-puce-velvet club chair sub] An Open Letter to Simon Bolivar. [part-time purple pieman impersonator] But first, let’s see what’s in the secret compartment today. Oh, llanero. I wonder if his hips swivel when I wind him up. [sorry, Meatwad, night-vision goggles & action bills not included.] Context is everything. They do! Hey there, cowboy. Dear Simon Bolivar, First, you had fantastic [legit] muttonchops. It’s as if you’re some kind of handsome Martin Van Buren. [surely an original sentence there] You were a man of immense accomplishments, but those accomplishments have been richly rewarded. I mean, you have a country named after you. Not to mention, two different currencies. [Canadian loonie pwns, regardless] But for my purposes, the most important thing you ever did was die. You may not know this, Simon Bolivar, but when I'm not a world history teacher sitting next to a fake fireplace, I am a novelist. [young adult + Dawson's Creek FanFic] [tell you his pen names for a price] And your last words, “Damn it, how will I ever get out of this labyrinth,” feature prominently in my first novel, Looking for Alaska. [ sup, Nerdfighteria? xoxo, dj ] Except it turns out, those weren’t your last words. [d'oh?] Your last words were probably, “Jose, bring the luggage.” [alt: "Hey, watch this!"] But I decided to use your fancy, romantic, inaccurate last words. It’s called artistic license. Put that in your luggage. [my, Johnny Bookwriter is saucy today] Anyway, fantastic life. I just wish you’d nailed it a little bit better with your last words. Best wishes, John Green So by 1825, almost the entire western hemisphere – with a few exceptions in the Caribbean —was free from European rule. Oh, right. And Canada. [Oh, Canada!] I’m just kidding, Canadians. It’s so easy to make fun of you because you’re so nice. So I tease you and then you’re like, “Aw, thanks for noticing that we exist.” My pleasure. Anyway, this is pretty remarkable, especially when you consider that most of this territory had been under Spanish or Portuguese control for almost 300 years. The most revolutionary thing about these independence movements were that they enshrined the idea of so called popular sovereignty in the New World. Never again would Latin America be under the permanent control of a European power, and the relatively quick division of Latin America into individual states, despite Bolivar’s pan South American dream, showed how quickly the people in these regions developed a sense of themselves as nations distinct from Europe, and from each other. This division into nation states prefigures what would happen to Europe in the mid-19th century, and in that sense, Latin America is the leader of 19th century world history. And Latin American history presages another key theme in modern life— multiculturalism. And all of that makes Latin America sound very modern, but in a number of ways, Latin American independence wasn’t terribly revolutionary. First, while the Peninsulares were gone, the rigid social hierarchy, with the wealthy creoles at the top, remained. Second, whereas revolutions in both France and America weakened the power of the established church, in Latin America, the Catholic Church remained very powerful in people’s everyday lives. And then, there is the patriarchy. Although there were many women who took up arms in the struggle for independence, including Juana Azurduy who led a cavalry charge against Spanish forces in Bolivia, patriarchy remained strong in Latin America. Feminist ideas like those of Mary Wollstonecraft would have to wait. Women weren’t allowed to vote in national elections in Mexico until 1953. And Peru didn’t extend voting rights to women until 1955. Also, Latin America’s revolutionary wars were long and bloody: 425,000 people died in Mexico’s war for independence. And they didn’t always lead to stability: Venezuela, for instance, experienced war for much of the 19th century, leading to as many as a million deaths. And it’s important to note that fighting for freedom doesn’t always lead to freedom, the past two centuries in Latin America have seen many military dictatorships that protect private property at the expense of egalitarian governance. “Freedom,” “independence,” and “autonomy” are complicated terms that mean different things to different people at different times. So too with the word “revolutionary.” Thanks for watching. I’ll see you next week. Location change because I forgot to record the credits, and my shirt matches the wall. Probably should have thought about that one a little bit harder. [DFT record the credits, next time then?] Crash Course is produced and directed by Stan Muller. Our script supervisor is Danica Johnson, [!] the show is ably interned by Agent Meredith Danko, TVCS and it’s written by my high school history teacher Raoul Meyer and myself. Our graphics team is Thought Bubble. Last week’s phrase of the week was "giant squid of anger." If you want to suggest a future phrase of the week or guess at this week’s, you can do so in comments, where you can also ask questions that will be answered by our team of historians. Look at the beautiful Crash Course poster! [nice job, ThoughtBubblers!] Available now at DFTBA.com link in the video description. Thanks for watching, and as we say in my home town, Don’t Forget they can’t get your goat if they don’t know where you keep it.

History

In 1916 a group of Latin American historians within the American Historical Association met to create institutional structures for this branch of history. Latin Americanists were marginalized within the AHA, with few sessions at the annual meeting and limited space within the American Historical Review. This group founded The Hispanic American Historical Review at the Cincinnati meeting of the AHA.[3][4] Further work building a professional organization was accomplished in 1926 at the American Historical Association annual meeting in Rochester. Latin Americanists sought to expand the teaching of Latin American history and organized a session entitled "Means and Methods of Widening among Colleges and Universities an Interest in the Study of Hispanic-American History". The 1926 meeting led further work to create an identifiable group within the American Historical Association.[5] The constitution of the Conference on Latin American History was adopted in December 1938.[6] CLAH gained a firmer institutional grounding with its incorporation in the District of Columbia in 1964, giving it a legal identity, and locating its offices in the Hispanic Foundation (now Hispanic Division) in the Library of Congress. With that step, CLAH was no longer an organic part of the AHA, but "an affiliated but autonomous body."[7]

In 1964, the AHA was granted $125,000 by the Ford Foundation to aid over three years the expansion of CLAH's activities. The AHA received the funds that were disbursed to CLAH. All funding was for programmatic purposes and not for the support of individuals’ research. The projects identified for funding were to provide a bibliographical guide to nineteenth- and twentieth-century newspapers; develop policies for the collection of historical statistics for the field; discuss and plan for a multivolume history of Latin America; develop teaching aids for the field; fund for small conferences; earmark funds for preparation of colonial sources for publication; and develop a publication series of general works. The Hispanic Foundation at the Library of Congress was named the repository of the CLAH archives and provided services for the CLAH Secretariat.[8]

Women have participated in CLAH leadership since its early years, with four serving as Secretary Treasurer: Lillian Estelle Fisher (1928) and 1935–39; Mary W. Williams (1929–1934); Vera B. Holmes (1940–1943); and Ruth L. Butler (1944–1948). The first woman president of CLAH was Madaline Nicols in 1949, with a gap of 38 years until Peggy Liss was elected in 1987. The first woman recipient of the Bolton (now Bolton-Johnson) Prize for the best book in English was in 1977, with Doris M. Ladd, for The Mexican Nobility at Independence, 1780-1826 (University of Texas Press). The first woman to receive the Distinguished Service Award was Ursula Lamb in 1990. The first woman to be executive director of CLAH was Donna J. Guy in 1991–92. The first CLAH president originally from Latin America is Asunción Lavrin, 2001–02.[9]

Organizational structure

The organization is governed by the Executive Committee and General Council. There is an executive committee: president (formerly chair), vice president, past president, and the executive director. Serving on the General Council are three elected members and ex officio representatives which include the editor of Hispanic American Historical Review, the editor of "The Americas" and the editor of H-Latam.[10] As CLAH grew in membership and complexity of its fields, it established a series of sections with regional or other focus including Andean Studies, Atlantic World studies; Borderlands/Frontiers Studies; Brazilian Studies; Caribbean Studies; Central American Studies; Chile-Rio de la Plata Studies; Colonial studies; Gran Colombian studies; Mexican studies; and the committee on Teaching and Teaching Materials.[11]

Prizes

Starting in 1953, CLAH established a series of prizes, the first being the James A. Robertson Prize for the best article published in the Hispanic American Historical Review, followed by others for particular fields. Prizes now include the Distinguished Service Award, the highest honor of the organization; the Herbert E. Bolton-John J. Johnson Prize for the best book in English on Latin American history; the Lewis Hanke Award to enable revision of a dissertation into a publishable book; the James R. Scobie Awards to support travel for dissertation research; the Lydia Cabrera Award, for Cuban history up to 1898; the Howard F. Cline Memorial Prize for the best book on Latin American ethnohistory; the Warren Dean Award for Brazilian history; the Elinor Melville Award for the best book in environmental history; the María Elena Martínez Prize for the best work on Mexican history; Paul Vanderwood Award for the best article published in a journal other than Hispanic American Historical Review; the Antonine Tibesar Award for the best article published in The Americas.[12]

Chairs and presidents

Chairpersons

Distinguished Service Award

Herbert Eugene Bolton-John J. Johnson Prize – Best Book in English

  • 2022 Diana Montaño, Electrifying Mexico: Technology and the Transformation of a Modern City (University of Texas Press, 2021)
  • 2021 Sylvia Sellers-García, The Woman on the Windowsill: A Tale of Mystery in Several Parts (Yale University Press 2020).
  • 2020 Natalia Milanesio, Destape! Sex Democracy, & Freedom in Postdictatorial Argentina (University of Pittsburgh Press 2019). Honorable Mention: Ryan Crewe, The Mexican Mission Native Survival and Mendicant Enterprise in New Spain, 1521-1600 (Cambridge University Press 2019).
  • 2019 Maria Cristina Soriano Gómez, Tides of Revolution: Information, Insurgencies, and the Crisis of Colonial Rule in Venezuela (University of New Mexico Press). Honorable Mention: Jesse Cromwell, The Smugglers’ World: Illicit Trade and Atlantic Communities in Eighteenth-Century Venezuela (University of North Carolina Press)
  • 2018 Peter Guardino, The Dead March: A History of the Mexican-American War (Harvard University Press, 2017). Honorable Mention: Pablo Gomez, The Experiential Caribbean: Creating Knowledge and Healing in the Early Modern Atlantic (University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, 2017).
  • 2017 Celso Thomas Castilho, Slave Emancipation and Transformations in Brazilian Political Citizenship University of Pittsburgh Press, 2016. Honorable Mention: Marcela Echeverri, Indian and Slave Royalists in the Age of Revolution. (Cambridge University Press, 2016).
  • 2016 Ann Twinam, Purchasing Whiteness: Pardos, Mulattos, and the Quest for Social Mobility in the Spanish Indies (Stanford University Press, 2015). Honorable Mention: Christopher Boyer, Political Landscapes: Forests, Conservation, and Community in Mexico (Duke University Press, 2015).
  • 2015 Thomas Klubock, La Frontera: Forests and Ecological Conflict in Chile’s Frontier Territory (Duke University Press, 2014). Honorable Mention: Sebastián Carassai, The Argentine Silent Majority: Middle Classes, Politics, Violence, and Memory in the Seventies (Duke University Press, 2014).
  • 2014 Robert W. Patch, Indians and the Political Economy of Colonial Central America, 1670–1810, (Oklahoma, 2013). Honorable Mention: Seth Garfield, In Search of the Amazon: Brazil, the United States, and the Nature of a Region, (Durham, Duke University Press, 2013).
  • 2013 Rebecca Earle, The Body of the Conquistador. Food, Race, and the Colonial Experience in South America, 1492–1700, (Cambridge, 2013). Honorable Mention: Mauricio Tenorio-Trillo, I Speak of the City. Mexico City at the Turn of the Twentieth Century, (Chicago, 2012).
  • 2012 John Tutino, Founding Capitalism in the Bajío and Spanish North America, (Duke, 2011).
  • 2011 Richard Graham, Feeding the City: From Street Market to Liberal Reform in Salvador, Brazil, (Texas, 2010). Honorable Mention: Jane Landers, Atlantic Creoles in the Age of Revolutions, (Harvard, 2010).
  • 2010 Robin Derby, The Dictator’s Seduction: Politics and the Popular Imagination in the Era of Trujillo, (Duke, 2009).
  • 2009 Stuart B. Schwartz, All Can Be Saved: Religious Tolerance and Salvation in the Iberian Atlantic World (Yale, 2008).
  • 2008 Cynthia E. Milton, The Many Meanings of Poverty: Colonialism, Social Compacts and Assistance in Eighteenth Century Ecuador (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: Rebecca Earle, The Return of the Native: Indians and Myth-making in Spanish America, 1810–1930 (Duke University Press).
  • 2007 Steve J. Stern, Battling for Hearts and Minds: Memory Struggles in Pinochet’s Chile, 1973–1988 (Duke University Press).
  • 2006 Florencia Mallon, Courage Tastes of Blood: The Mapuche Community of Nicholás Ailío and the Chilean State, 1906–2001 (Duke University Press). Honorable Mention: Susan Ramirez, To Feed and be Fed: The Cosmological Bases of Authority and Identity in the Andes (Stanford University Press).
  • 2005 Emilio Kourí,A Pueblo Divided: Business, Property and Community in Papantla, Mexico (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: Bryan McCann, Hello, Hello Brazil: Popular Music in the Making of Modern Brazil (Duke University Press).
  • 2004 Richard Lee Turits, Foundations of Despotism: Peasants, the Trujillo Regime, and Modernity in Dominican History (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: Linda Lewin. Surprise Heirs I: Illegitimacy, Patrimonial Rights, and Legal Nationalism in Luso-Brazilian Inheritance, 1750–1821, and Surprise Heirs II: Illegitimacy, Inheritance Rights, and Public Power in the Formation of Imperial Brazil, 1822–1889 (Stanford University Press).
  • 2003 Jean Franco, The Decline and Fall of the Lettered City: Latin America in the Cold War (Harvard University Press). Honorable Mention: John Mason Hart, Empire and Revolution: The Americans in Mexico Since the Civil War (University of California Press).
  • 2002 Eric Van Young, The Other Rebellion: Popular Violence, Ideology, and the Mexican Struggle for Independence, 1810–1821 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: Kevin Terraciano, The Mixtecs of Colonial Oaxaca: Ñudzahui History, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries (Stanford University Press).
  • 2001 Ann Farnsworth-Alvear, Dulcinea in the Factory: Myths, Morals, Men, and Women in Colombia’s Industrial Experiment, 1905–1960 (Duke University Press).
  • 2000 Louis A. Pérez, On Becoming Cuban: Identity, Nationality and Culture (University of North Carolina Press). Honorable Mention: Ann Twinam, Public Lives, Private Secrets: Gender, Honor, Sexuality, and Illegitimacy in Colonial Spanish America (Stanford University Press).
  • 1999 (co-winners) Friedrich Katz, The Life and Times of Pancho Villa (Stanford University Press); José C. Moya, Cousins and Strangers: Spanish Immigrants in Buenos Aires, 1850–1930 (University of California Press).
  • 1998 Mary Kay Vaughan, Cultural Politics in Revolution Teachers, Peasants, and Schools in Mexico, 1930–1940 (University of Arizona Press). Honorable Mention: Rosalie Schwartz, Pleasure Island: Tourism and Temptation in Cuba (University of Nebraska Press).
  • 1997 William B. Taylor, Magistrates of the Sacred, Priest and Parishioners in Eighteenth Century Mexico (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mentions: Thomas F. O Brien, The Revolutionary Mission: American Enterprises in Latin America, 1900–1940 (Cambridge University Press. Susan E. Ramirez, The World Upside Down: Cross-Cultural Contact and Conflict in Sixteenth Century Peru (Stanford University Press).
  • 1996 Warren Dean, posthumous, With Broad Axe and Firebrand: the Destruction of the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, (University of California Press).
  • 1995 Elinor G. K. Melville, A Plague of Sheep: Environmental Consequences of the Conquest of Mexico (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mentions: David J. McCreery, Rural Guatemala, 1760–1940 (Stanford University Press). R. Douglas Cope, The Limits of Racial Domination: Plebeian Society in Colonial Mexico City, 1660–1720 (University of Wisconsin Press).
  • 1994 Enrique Tandeter, Coercion and Market: Silver Mining in Colonial Potosi, 1692–1826 (University of New Mexico Press). Honorable Mention: Nils Jacobsen, Mirages of Transition: The Peruvian Altiplano, 1780–1930 (University of California Press).
  • 1993 James Lockhart, The Nahuas After the Conquest: A Social and Cultural History of the Indians of Central Mexico, Sixteenth through Eighteenth Centuries (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mentions: Susan Deans-Smith, Bureaucrats, Planters, and Workers: The Making of the Tobacco Monopoly in Bourbon Mexico (University of Texas Press). Alida Metcalf, Family and the Frontier in Colonial Brazil: Santana de Parnaiba, 1580–1822 (University of California Press).
  • 1992 Ramón Gutiérrez, When Jesus Came The Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality and Power in New Mexico, 1300–1846 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: Sabine MacCormack, Religion in the Andes: Vision and Imagination in Colonial Peru (Princeton University Press).
  • 1991 Ann M. Wightman, Indigenous Migration and Social Change: The Forasteros of Cuzco, 1520–1720 (Duke University Press). Honorable Mention: Hilda Sábato, Agrarian Capitalism and the World Market: Buenos Aires in the Pastoral Stage, 1840–1890 (University of New Mexico Press).
  • 1990 (co-winners) Charles A. Hale, The Transformation of Liberalism in Late Nineteenth-Century Mexico (Princeton University Press).Ida Altman, Extremadura and Spanish America in the Sixteenth Century (University of California Press).
  • 1989 Patricia Seed, To Love, Honor, and Obey in Colonial Mexico: Conflicts over Marriage Choice, 1574–1821 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: Joseph C. Miller, Way of Death: Merchant Capitalism and the Angolan Slave Trade, 1730–1830 (University of Wisconsin Press).
  • 1988 Inga Clendennin, Ambivalent Conquests: Spaniard and Maya in Yucatán, 1517–1570 (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mention: Linda Lewin, Politics and Parentela in Paraíba: A Case Study of Family Based Oligarchy in Brazil (Princeton University Press).
  • 1987 Alan Knight, The Mexican Revolution (Cambridge University Press, 2 vols.). Honorable Mention: Charles W. Bergquist, Labor in Latin America: Comparative Essays on Chile, Argentina, Venezuela, and Colombia (Stanford University Press).
  • 1986 Stuart B. Schwartz, Sugar Plantations in the Formation of Brazilian Society: Bahia, 1550–1835 (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mention: Silvia Marina Arrom, The Women of Mexico City, 1790–1857 (Stanford University Press).
  • 1985 Nancy Farriss, Maya Society under Colonial Rule: The Collective Enterprise of Survival (Princeton University Press). Honorable Mention: Karen Spalding, Huarochirí: An Andean Society under Inca and Spanish Rule (Stanford University Press).
  • 1984 Woodrow Borah Justice By Insurance: The General Indian Court of Colonial Mexico and the Legal Aides of the Half-Real (University of California Press). Honorable Mention: Florencia Mallon, The Defense of Community in Peru's Central Highlands: Peasant Struggles and Capitalist Transition, 1860–1940 (Princeton University Press).
  • 1983 Anthony Pagden, The Fall of Natural Man: the American Indian and the Origins of Comparative Ethnology (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mentions: Nathaniel Leff, Underdevelopment and Development in Nineteenth-Century Brazil (Allen and Unwin). Steve J. Stern, Peru's Indian Peoples and the Challenge of Spanish Conquest: Huamanga to 1640 (University of Wisconsin Press).
  • 1982 Friedrich Katz, The Secret War in Mexico: Europe, the United States and the Mexican Revolution (University of Chicago Press). Honorable Mention: Walter Rodney, A History of the Guyanese Working People, 1881–1905 (Johns Hopkins University Press).
  • 1981 Herman W. Konrad, A Jesuit Hacienda in Colonial Mexico. Santa Lucia, 1576–1767 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: George Reid Andrews, The Afro-Argentines of Buenos Aires, 1800–1900 (University of Wisconsin Press).
  • 1980 Jonathan C. Brown, A Socioeconomic History of Argentina, 1776–1860 (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mentions: David Brading, Haciendas and Ranchos in the Mexican Bajio, 1700–1860 (Cambridge University Press). William B. Taylor, Drinking, Homicide, and Rebellion in Colonial Mexican Villages (Stanford University Press).
  • 1979 Paul Drake, Socialism and Populism in Chile, 1932–52 (University of Illinois Press). Honorable Mentions: John K. Chance, Race and Class in Colonial Oaxaca (Stanford University Press). Susan M. Socolow, The Merchants of Buenos Aires, 1778–1810 (Cambridge University Press).
  • 1978 Christon I. Archer, The Army in Bourbon Mexico, 1760–1810 (University of New Mexico Press). Honorable Mention: John D. Wirth, Minas Gerais in the Brazilian Federation, 1889–1937 (Stanford University Press).
  • 1977 Doris M. Ladd, The Mexican Nobility at Independence, 1780–1826 (University of Texas Press). Honorable Mention: Warren Dean, Rio Claro: A Brazilian Plantation System, 1820–1920 (Stanford University Press).
  • 1976 David Rock, Politics in Argentina, 1890–1930, the Rise and Fall of Radicalism (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mentions: Charles H. Harris, III, A Mexican Family Empire: The Latifundio of the Sánchez Navarro Family, 1765-1867 (University of Texas Press). Stanley E. Hilton, Brazil and the Great Powers, 1930-1939 (University of Texas Press).
  • 1975 Frederick P. Bowser, The African Slave in Colonial Peru, 1524–1650 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mentions: James R. Scobie, Buenos Aires: Plaza to Suburb, 1870–1910 (Oxford University Press). Thomas E. Skidmore, Black into White: Race and Nationality in Brazilian Thought (Oxford University Press).
  • 1974 Warren L. Cook, Flood Tide of Empire: Spain and the Pacific Northwest, 1543–1819 (Yale University Press). Honorable Mention: Stuart B. Schwartz, Sovereignty and Society in Colonial Brazil: The High Court of Bahia and its Judges, 1609–1751 (University of California Press). Frank D. McCann, Jr., The Brazilian-American Alliance, 1937–1945 (Princeton University Press).
  • 1973 Peter J. Bakewell, Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico: Zacatecas, 1546–1700 (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mention: William B. Taylor, Landlord and Peasant in Colonial Oaxaca (Stanford University Press).
  • 1972 David Brading, Miners and Merchants in Bourbon Mexico, 1763–1810 (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mention: Joseph L. Love, Rio Grande Do Sul and Brazilian Regionalism, 1882–1930 (Stanford University Press).
  • 1971 John D. Wirth, The Politics of Brazilian Development, 1930–1954 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mentions: John Hemming, The Conquest of the Incas (Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich). J.R. Fisher, Government and Society in Colonial Peru: The Intendant System, 1784–1814 (Athalone Press, University of London).
  • 1970 John Womack, Zapata and the Mexican Revolution (Alfred A. Knopf). Honorable Mentions:Cecil Alan Hutchinson, Frontier Settlements in Mexican California: The Hijar Padres Colony and Its Origins, 1769–1835 (Yale University Press). Robert A. Potash, The Army and Politics in Argentina, 1828–1945 (Stanford University Press).
  • 1969 (co-winners) A.J.R. Russell-Wood, Fidalgos and Philanthropoists: The Santa Casa de Misericórdia of Bahia, 1550–1755 (University of California Press). Richard Graham, Britain and the Onset of Modernization in Brazil, 1850–1914 (Cambridge University Press). Honorable Mentions: Dauril Alden, Royal Government in Colonial Brazil: With Special Reference to the Administration of the Marquis of Lavradio, Viceroy, 1769–1779 (University of California Press). James Lockhart, Spanish Peru, 1532–1560; A Colonial Society (University of Wisconsin Press).
  • 1968 James W. Wilkie, The Mexican Revolution: Federal Expenditure and Social Change since 1910 (University of California Press). Honorable Mentions: Simon Collier, Ideas and Politics of Chilean Independence, 1808 – 1833 (Cambridge University Press). John Leddy Phelan, The Kingdom of Quito in the Seventeenth Century (University of Wisconsin Press).
  • 1967 E. Bradford Burns, The Unwritten Alliance: Rio Branco and Brazilian-American Relations (Columbia University Press). Honorable Mentions: John Preston Moore, The Cabildo in Peru under the Bourbons (Duke University Press). Ralph Lee Woodward, Class Privileges and Economic Development: The Consulado de Comercio in Guatemala, 1793–1871 (University of North Carolina Press).
  • 1966 Robert N. Burr, By Reason or Force: Chile and the Balancing of Power in South America, 1830–1905 (University of California Press). Honorable Mention: William J. Griffith, Empires in the Wilderness—Foreign Colonization and Development in Guatemala, 1834-1844 (University of North Carolina Press).
  • 1965 Charles Gibson, The Aztecs Under Spanish Rule: A History of the Indians of the Valley of Mexico, 1519–1810 (Stanford University Press). Honorable Mention: James R. Scobie, Revolution on the Pampas: A Social History of Argentine Wheat (University of Texas Press).
  • 1964 Fredrick B. Pike, Chile and the United States, 1880–1962: the Emergence of Chile's Social Crisis and the Challenge to United States Diplomacy (University of Notre Dame Press).
  • 1963 Frank Tannenbaum, Ten Keys to Latin America (Alfred A. Knopf).
  • 1962 Bryce Wood, The Making of the Good Neighbor Policy (Columbia University Press).
  • 1961 Robert E. Quirk, The Mexican Revolution, 1914–1915 (University of Indiana Press). Honorable Mention: E. David Cronon, Josephus Daniels in Mexico (University of Indiana Press).
  • 1960 Irving A. Leonard, Baroque Times in Old Mexico: Seventeenth Century Persons, Places, and Practices (University of Michigan Press).
  • 1959 (co-winners) John J. Johnson, Political Change in Latin America: The Emergency of the Middle Sectors (Stanford University Press). Robert J. Schafer, The Economic Societies in the Spanish World, 1763–1821 (Syracuse University Press).
  • 1958 Stanley J. Stein, Vassouras: A Brazilian Coffee Country, 1850–1900 (Harvard University Press).
  • 1957 John Tate Lanning, The Eighteenth Century Enlightenment in the University of San Carlos de Guatemala (Cornell University Press).

References

  1. ^ Howard F. Cline, “The Conference: A Fecund Decade, 1954-1964”. Hispanic American Historical Review 45:434-438 (August 1965).
  2. ^ ”Historical Notes” http://clah.h-net.org/?page_id=577,
  3. ^ John Tate Lanning, "The Hispanist in the American Historical Association" in Latin American History: Essays on Its Study and Teaching, 1898-1965, compiled and edited by Howard F. Cline.2 vols. Austin: University of Texas Press 1967, vol. 2, pp. 641–42.
  4. ^ "ABOUT HAHR | HAHR-Online". hahr-online.com. Archived from the original on 2014-10-14.
  5. ^ "Report of a Committee of the Pan American Union on the Teaching of Latin-American History in Colleges, Normal Schools, and Universities of the United States." Hispanic American Historical Review, vol. 7 No. 3 (Aug. 1927), pp. 352–385.
  6. ^ "Report of the Committee on the Twenty-Fifth Anniversary" by Donald E. Worcester, John P. Harrison, Bernard E. Bobb. Mimeographed report. Conference on Latin American History Archives, Hispanic Foundation, Library of Congress (Dec. 1953) published in Latin American History: Essays on Its Study and Teaching, 1898-1965. vol. 2, p. 462.
  7. ^ Howard F. Cline, “The Conference: A Fecund Decade, 1954-1964” Hispanic American Historical Review 45: 434-438 (Aug. 1965).
  8. ^ Howard F. Cline, "The Ford Foundation Grant Program of the Conference: A Special Report" in Latin American History: Essays on Its Study and Teaching, 1898-1965, pp. 653–655. Originally published in the CLAH Newsletter, Jan. 1965.
  9. ^ "CLAH » Elected Officers". clah.h-net.org. Retrieved 11 June 2018.
  10. ^ "H-LatAm | H-Net".
  11. ^ http://clah.h-net.org/
  12. ^ "CLAH » Prize and Award Descriptions".

External links

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