Boarding is the entry of passengers onto a vehicle, usually in public transportation. Boarding starts with entering the vehicle and ends with the seating of each passenger and closing the doors. The term is used in road, rail, water and air transport (for example, passengers board a coach).
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Transcription
Hello. How are you? Today, we're going to learn about getting around. This means taking public transportation or talking about how you got somewhere or how you're going to go somewhere. All of the examples I've written in the past tense because somebody might ask you, "How did you get here?" "What? I flew because I have a magic carpet. That's how. Why?" We have different ways of getting places. Verbs: You can say, "I took a 'bus', a 'train', a 'cab', or a 'taxi'." "Cab" and "taxi" are the same. Or you can take a "plane". So with all of these nouns -- "plane", "cab", "taxi", "train", "bus" -- you're going to use the verb "took". There are no exceptions. You cannot say, "I rode a bus. I rode a train." It's wrong. "Rode" means that you were on top of the bus or on the train doing some bus surfing -- didn't happen. I hear people say this a lot, "How did you get here?" "I ride car." "Wow. What were you doing on top of the car?" If you "ride" something, you're always on top of it. What can you -- what can you ride? I can ride a bicycle. So "ride" literally means you're on top of something. Tell me what you can ride. You can ride a bicycle, a motorcycle, a scooter, a moped. If you're on top of it, you're riding it -- a horse. "I go by car." No, no, no. These, unfortunately, are wrong. We don't say, "I go by car" or "I ride car." We say, very easily, past tense of the verb "drive": "drove". "How did you get here?" "I drove." You do not need to say, "I drove by car" because you're not driving a bus; you're not driving an airplane; you're not driving a train. Very simply, you can say, "I drove." Another thing that I hear people say is, "I go by foot." "One foot? You have one foot? Did you hop here the whole time? You must be tired. You go by foot? Wow." Maybe you only have one foot. That's cool. You should drive or take a bus. Another thing: "I walk on foot." This means that you take your hands, and you literally put them underneath your feet and you walk -- if this is your foot -- you walk on your hands. This is painful. I do not recommend this. I would not literally want to walk on my hands. Please don't walk on your feet. Do not walk on your hands. "I walk on your foot" would be, "I'm sorry" -- walk on hands, walk on feet. You'd be stepping on your feet, and you would never get anywhere. You just want to say, "I walked." "How did you get here today, Ronnie?" "I walked." Another thing that's really confusing in English -- and I understand why -- is when to use the phrasal verb "got on" or "got off", and when to say "got in" or "got out". So as an example, we would say, "I got off the train." Let's write that down. Or you can say, "I got on the train." Also, we use this with a bus. So you can say, "I got on the bus" and "I got off the bus." You don't need to use extra words. Like, you don't want to say, "I got off on the bus." You don't want to say, "I got the train off." Unnecessary. Please do not use extra words when you say this. You're just going to say, "I got on" -- the verb -- the noun. Or "I got off", the noun. "Train", "bus", and the "plane", or an "airplane". So think about this: What does -- or what do trains, buses, and airplanes have in common? No? Nothing? No? Okay. A train, a bus, or an airplane has many people. You can think of it as something that is public or very large. So a train, a bus, or an airplane, you have to pay. It's really big, and you can fit many people on it. So you're going to get on or get off something that is very big. You're going to get off something that's very big. Or if it's public transportation, you can fit many people. "In" and "out". So "I got in" or "I got out." You're going to say, "I got in the taxi." Or you can say -- same word -- "I got in the cab." Also, you can say, "I got in 'a', 'my', or 'the' car." So what does a taxi and a car or a cab have in common? Do you know the answer? They are private; there aren't a lot of people in your car or in your taxi; and they're small, which means they can't have as many people as on a train, a bus or an airplane. So you're going to say, "I got in the taxi, and I came to school." Or "I got out of the taxi, and I went to the bar." What about "subway"? What do you think? Do you think the subway is big and public, or do you think it's private and small? It's big and public. So when you use "subway", you say "I got on" or "I got off the subway." How do you get to work? How do you get to school? Do you drive? Do you walk? Do you bicycle? I bicycle. I love my bicycle. As I told you before, when we use "bicycle", we ride it. So I can say, "I ride my bike" -- it's unnecessary to say "bicycle". We can just say "bike". And the past tense -- does anyone know the past tense of "ride"? It's a little strange. We'd say, "I rode." "I rode my bike here today." How did you get here today? Tell me. Bye.
Aviation
At commercial airports, a boarding call on the public announcement system asks travelers to proceed to the departure gate and board the aircraft. This can begin any time from an hour to thirty minutes before departure (depending on the size of the plane and number of passengers). For boarding an aircraft, airstairs or jetways are used. Small aircraft may carry their own stairs.
Airlines control the access to the aircraft by checking passengers' boarding passes and matching them with the list of passengers and their identification cards. Many airlines use the IATA standard Bar Coded Boarding Passes (BCBP) to automate this process. A 2D bar code is scanned and the data are sent to the airline's system to look up the list of passengers. If the passenger is entitled to board, a positive message is sent back to the airline agent.
Boarding in air travel is supervised by ground personnel. The pilot is responsible for the boarding as soon as the doors are closed because by law the aircraft is then "in flight".[1]
After boarding, the taxiing and takeoff will follow in most cases.
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Boarding bridge to an aircraft via a jetway at the Cologne Bonn Airport in 2001. -
Having boarded, passengers stow their cabin baggage - Lufthansa Boeing 737-500.
Boarding patterns and efficiency
Most North American airlines have assigned seating, but Southwest Airlines does not. Southwest boards passengers in A, B, and C number groups depending on their ticket purchase date. Across North American airlines, it is standard to allow early boarding for passengers with mobility impairments, those with small children, and first class passengers.[2] All airlines allow passengers in premium cabins or with elite status to board earlier, with some offering it to coach customers for a fee.
Several boarding patterns by seating location are possible:
- Back-to-front by row
- Outside-in by column (window, middle, aisle = "Wilma")
- Block boarding (outside-in within a zone, with zones ordered back-to-front)
- Reverse pyramid (combines back-to-front with outside-in)
- Rotating zone (alternating back-to-front and front-to-back segments)
- Random
Efficiency considerations to minimize overall boarding time include:
- Whether passengers have to wait to pass other passengers in the aisle
- Whether passengers have to cross already-seated passengers in aisle and middle seats
- How many people can be storing luggage and taking their seats at the same time
Competing considerations include:
- Encouraging specific behaviors (paying more, self-service, checking in earlier, buying earlier)
- Whether families and friends can board together
- Passenger stress with regard to who gets what seat and competition for overhead bin space
Computer simulations indicate that the outside-in and reverse-pyramid patterns should be fastest, followed by block and random, followed by back-to-front and rotating zone.[3] American Airlines found in a two-year study that randomized boarding was faster than outside-in.[4] Despite this, most North American airlines use the back-to-front pattern.[2][3][4]
Another proposed method to speed boarding is to have passengers sort themselves by row and seat while still standing in the waiting area.[5]
Television series MythBusters examined various boarding techniques in their 2014 episode "Plane Boarding" and found the standard back-to-front system to be the slowest among the tested.
At the gate, the term "gate lice" has been applied to passengers who cluster around the boarding area prior to their designated time to board.[6][7]
Pre-boarding
As the process of controlling and verifying boarding passes and identity documents takes non-negligible amounts of time and as some airlines aim to reduce turnaround times, the process of "pre boarding" is increasingly employed. In this process, passengers enter a separate area after having their boarding pass inspected before the plane is ready to be boarded and once actual boarding commences passengers simply enter the plane.
Water transport
In water transport a boarding onto a watercraft can be done while it is located in harbour or at sea.
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Officers board a ship using a gangway. -
Buses
Passengers board buses in the United Kingdom by either indicating to the bus driver they want to board (by queuing up at the bus stop or by holding out an arm) or by boarding when a bus has stopped at a bus station.
Once on board passengers can either purchase a ticket for their journey or they can show a travel pass (such as an Oyster card when passengers travel on London buses).
On long-distance buses in Europe tickets are usually checked upon boarding whereas in Latin America fares or tickets are collected on the moving bus by an assistant to the driver.
References
- ^ (Treaty of Tokyo 1964, Title III, Section 5 Chapter 2)
- ^ a b "Guide to Airline Boarding Procedures". Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ a b "Airplane Board". Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ a b "Airlines Weigh The Best Way To Board : NPR". NPR. 2011-09-05. Retrieved 2011-10-02.
- ^ "The 'FLYING CARPET' / The fastest way to fill a plane / Round Peg Innovations Pty Ltd". Retrieved 2014-03-28.
- ^ Phillips, Matt. "Barbarians at the Gate?: Elite Fliers Bemoan "Gate Lice" - WSJ". WSJ. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
- ^ Andrade, Sofia (2023-12-20). "Why do 'gate lice' line up early for a flight? Psychologists explain". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-03-29.
This page was last edited on 23 April 2024, at 09:01