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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Batlejka booth in the Belarusian National History Museum
Batlejka puppets in the Belarusian National History Museum
Batlejka depicted on a Belarusian post stamp

Batlejka (Belarusian: Батле́йка, Batleyka) is a Belarusian amateur puppet theatre. Its name is derived from the city of Bethlehem[1] and performances are traditionally given over the Christmas period.[2]

It became popular in Belarus in the 16th century[3] but the peak of its popularity falls on the 18-19th centuries. It was largely forgotten during Soviet times but revived in present-day Belarus and within the Belarusian diaspora.[4]

Puppet booth and puppets

Puppets on metal rods are led by a puppeteer hiding behind a wooden booth with doors. The booth has two levels - the upper ‘heavenly’ or ‘canonical’ level and the lower ‘earthly’ or ‘layman’ level.[1]

Puppets were traditionally made of wood and dressed in colourful  miniature clothes.

Plot

Part 1: Nativity

King Herod learns from the Three Kings that the Saviour is born. Considering him a rival, King Herod decides to kill Jesus.

He order a soldier to go to Bethlehem and kill all newly born babies. The soldier obeys the order and kills all babies except a baby of Rachael. Angry Herod orders to kill Rachael's baby too.

Herod pays with his life for these crimes - the Death beheads Herod and his body is taken to Hell by the Devil. The soldier soon follows his master.

Part 2: Folk scenes

This part comprises a number of humorous and satirical episodes involving multiple characters - peasants, tradesmen, aristocracy, etc.

While Part 1 was performed throughout Belarus with little variations, Part 2 varies significantly depending on the geographical region of the performance and the imagination of a particular puppeteer.

References

  1. ^ a b Этнаграфія Беларусі: Энцыклапедыя / Рэд.: І. П. Шамякін (гал. рэд.) і інш. — Мн.: БелСЭ, 1989.
  2. ^ "Belarus", World Encyclopedia of Puppetry Arts
  3. ^ Батлейка // Театральная Энциклопедия. — М.
  4. ^ "10-годдзе беларускай батлейкі ў Лондане". zbsb.org (in Belarusian). Archived from the original on 2021-05-07. Retrieved 2021-04-03.

Further reading

  • Барышаў Г.I., Саннiкаў А. К. Беларускі народны тэатр батлейка. Мн., 1962;
  • Бaрышев Г. И. Художественное оформление белорусского кукольного театра батлейки // Белорусское искусство. Сб. статей и материалов, Минск, 1957;
  • Бессонов П. Белорусские песни, M., 1871;
  • Бядуля З. Бэтлейка и Беларускі тэатр // Вестник Нар. Комиссариата просвещения ССРБ, Минск, 1922. С. 3–4, 11–12;
  • Вертеп в Могилеве // Могилевские Губернские Ведомости, 1866, No. 4. стр. 26–29.
  • Давидова М. Г. Вертепный театр в русской традиционной культуре // Альманах Традиционная культура No. 1’2002;
  • Дзешавой А. Докшыцкі лялечнік // «Маладосць», 1958, No. 9.
  • Збірайце матэр’ялы аб бэтлейцы! // «Наша Ніва», Вільня, 1910, No. 44-45, С. 83–84;
  • Карский Е. Ф. Рождественская вертепная драма // Белорусы, т. 3, [вып.] 3, П., 1922;
  • Кізіма С.А., Лянцэвіч В.М., Самахвалаў Дз.С. Гісторыя Беларусі: Курс лекцый. – Мн.: Выд-ва МІК, 2003. – 91 с.;
  • Красьнянскі В. Батлейка віцебскага аддзяленьня беларускага Дзяржаўнага музэю // Інстытут беларускае культуры. Запіскі аддзелу гуманітарных навук, кн. 6 — Працы камісіі гісторыі мастацтва, т. 1, сш. 1, Менск, 1928;
  • Лабовіч А. Першая экспазіцыя Дзяржаўнага музея гісторыі тэатральнай і музычнай культуры // Беларускі гістарычны часопіс. No. 3’2003;
  • Лозка А. Беларуская батлейка: Каляндарныя i абрадавыя гульнi. Мн., 1997;
  • Перетц В. Н. Кукольный театр на Руси (Исторический очерк) // Ежегодник императорских театров. — Приложения. — Кн. 1. — Спб., 1895. — С. 85-185.
  • Романов Е. Белорусские тексты вертепного действа. Могилев, 1898. С. 45–46, 49–52;
  • Саўчук Н. Беларуская батлейка // Беларускі гістарычны часопіс. No. 3’2003;
  • Шeйн П. В. Вертеп, или бетлейки (батлейки) // Материалы для изучения быта и языка русского населения Северо-Западного края, т. 3, СПб, 1902;
  • Эpeмич И. Очерки белорусского Полесья // Вестник Западной России, Вильно, 1867, кн. 10, т. 4, отд. 4;
  • Юшкевич С. Небо и земля: сценарии для батлейки / С. Юшкевич, И. Лой, А. Досина, Н. Куксачёв. Мн.: Зорны верасень, 2008.
This page was last edited on 25 April 2023, at 22:44
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