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The Bar Region, or the Bars (Bāṛ),[1] is an area in Punjab, now part of the Punjab Province of Pakistan. The area consists of agricultural land that was cleared in the nineteenth century for the then 'new' canal irrigation system that the British were developing at the time.[2] The soil of the Bar Region is fertile.[2] The plains of fertile land have been created by the stream deposits driven by the many rivers flowing from the Himalayas.
The area stretches from the river Sutlej to the river Chenab and down to the junction of two rivers Jehlum and Chenab. The word bar in Punjabi language refers to a threshold, an outer space, an area away from the human settlement, a barrier between populated area and wild forest, a natural jungle. So the area between two rivers that formed a natural barrier between two different settlements was called bar. All the 'Bar Regions' had and still have almost the same or similar culture and language or dialect with slight variations.[2]
The 'Bar' is further divided into six regions:
- The Sandal Bar (the area between the Ravi and Chenab rivers).[2] The great Punjabi folk tales or epic love stories like those of Heer Ranjha and Mirza Sahiban happened in the Sandal Bar. Sandal Bar also was home to Dulla Bhatti who rebelled and fought against the centralised scheme of agricultural revenue collection (Lagaan) of Mughal emperor Akbar[2]
- Kirana Bar (the area between the western side of Chenab River and the eastern side of Jehlum rivers)[2]
- Neeli Bar (the area between the Ravi and Sutlej rivers)[2]
- Ganji Bar (the area between the Sutlej and dry river bed of the Hakra also called the Ravi River). Ganji Bar was also home to Rai Ahmad Khan Kharal (1785–1857), a Punjabi freedom activist and folk hero, who fought against the British Raj in the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[2]
- The Gondal Bar (The area of kirana bar between jehlum and chenab rivers which includes some area of the district gujrat and all of district Mandibahaudin and kot momin, bhalwal and bhera tehsils of sargodha district.
Most of the Bar now forms part of the modern Faisalabad, Jhang, Tob Tek Singh, Hafizabad District, Okara, Vehari, Khanewal, Pakpattan, Sargodha, Chiniot, Hafizabad, Nankana Sahib, Bahawalnagar, Mandi Bahauddin Sahiwal districts. The Indigenous people of these districts have similar culture and speak barvi punjabi language Jatki/Jhangli dialect of Punjabi.[3]
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See also
References
- ^ Grierson, George A. (1916). Linguistic Survey of India. Vol. IX Indo-Aryan family. Central group, Part 1, Specimens of western Hindi and Pañjābī. Calcutta: Office of the Superintendent of Government Printing, India. p. 607.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Punjab Notes: Bar: forgotten glory of Punjab Dawn (newspaper), Published 13 June 2014, Retrieved 3 September 2020
- ^ Geo-political history of Punjab region The Nation (newspaper), Published 29 September 2015, Retrieved 3 September 2020
This page was last edited on 18 May 2024, at 13:07