Acer ginnala

Acer ginnala

Amur maple foliage
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Sapindales
Family:	Sapindaceae
Genus:	Acer
Section:	Acer sect. Ginnala
Species:	A. ginnala
Binomial name
*Acer ginnala* Maxim.

Acer ginnala, the Amur maple, is a plant species with woody stems native to northeastern Asia from easternmost Mongolia east to Korea and Japan, and north to the Russian Far East in the Amur River valley. It is a small maple with deciduous leaves that is sometimes grown as a garden subject or boulevard tree.

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Description

Acer ginnala is a deciduous spreading shrub or small tree growing to 3–10 m (9.8–32.8 ft) tall, with a short trunk up to 20–40 cm (8–16 in) diameter and slender branches. The bark is thin, dull grey-brown, and smooth at first but becoming shallowly fissured on old plants. The leaves are opposite and simple, 4–10 cm (1+1⁄2–4 in) long and 3–6 cm (1+1⁄4–2+1⁄4 in) wide, deeply palmately lobed with three or five lobes, of which two small basal lobes (sometimes absent) and three larger apical lobes; the lobes are coarsely and irregularly toothed, and the upper leaf surface glossy. The leaves turn brilliant orange to red in autumn, and are on slender, often pink-tinged, petioles 3–5 cm (1+1⁄4–2 in) long. The flowers are yellow-green, 5–8 mm (0.20–0.31 in) diameter, produced in spreading panicles in spring as the leaves open. The fruit is a paired reddish samara, 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long with a 1.5–2 cm (5⁄8–3⁄4 in) wing, maturing in late summer to early autumn.^[1]

Mature tree
Trunk
Flowers
Fruit
Leaves and fruit
Autumn leaf colour

Taxonomy

Amur maple is closely related to Acer tataricum (Tatar maple), and some botanists treat it as a subspecies A. tataricum subsp. ginnala (Maxim.) Wesm.^[2] The glossy, deeply lobed leaves of A. ginnala distinguish it from A. tataricum, which has matt, unlobed or only shallowly lobed leaves.^[1]

Cultivation and uses

Acer ginnala is grown as an ornamental plant in northern regions of Europe and North America. It is the most cold-tolerant maple, hardy to zone 2. It is naturalised in parts of North America. Planted on exceptional sites facing south west with consistent moisture and light loamy soils, this tree can grow 1 m (3 ft 3 in) per year making it a fast grower. It is often planted as a shrub along borders.^[3]

In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.^[4]

It is also valued in Japan and elsewhere as a species suitable for bonsai.

It is a nonnative invasive species in parts of northern North America.^[5]

Cultivars

Due to its vigour and fall colours of yellows and bright reds, the size being a small tree of 6 metres (20 feet) wide by 6 m tall on average, it suits many for smaller landscapes and for planting under power lines. Cultivars have emerged for those wanting these attributes.

Flame (Fiery red autumn foliage, very strong vigour)

References

^ ^a ^b Rushforth, K. (1999). Trees of Britain and Europe. Collins. ISBN 0-00-220013-9..
^ "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture.
^ USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Acer ginnala". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team.
^ "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala". rhs.org.uk.
^ Randall, John; Marinelli, Janet. The Encyclopedia of Intrusive Plants. Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

Xu, Tingzhi; Chen, Yousheng; de Jong, Piet C.; Oterdoom, Herman John; Chang, Chin-Sung. "Acer tataricum subsp. ginnala". Flora of China. Vol. 11 – via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.