1977 Shia uprising in Iraq

Date	February 4-9 1977
Location	Najaf & Karbala, Iraq
Result	Uprisings failed

Belligerents

Ba'athist Iraq

Iraqi rebels

Commanders and leaders

Ahmed Hassan al-Bakr

No centralised leadership

The 1977 Shia protests in Iraq, or the Safar uprising, were a series of demonstrations and riots against the Iraqi government in Karbala and Najaf Governorates, the demonstrations started on 4 February 1977 and finished on 9 February in the same year.^[1]^[2] Demonstrators had taken to the streets to demonstrate against the Iraqi government because they had blocked Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage.^[1]^[3] The Iraqi security forces killed and arrested many protesters and presented them to trial in a revolution court, the revolution court declared execution for eight demonstrators and life imprisonment for 16 demonstrators.^[4]

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Background

On 17 July 1968 the Ba'athism took power in Iraq, Ba'athism is an Arab nationalist and Arab socialist ideology that promotes the development and creation of a unified Arab state. In 1977, Ba'athism attempted to ban an annual pilgrimage to Karbala as well as attempted to ban religious processions.^[5] This move sparked protests, with the pilgrimage transforming into the 1977 Safar uprising in holy shia citys.^[6]^[7]

Timeline

4 February: In Najaf city, many protesters went out in the street and were blocked from going to Karbala for Arbaʽeen Pilgrimagee.^[8] The protesters stayed in Khan Al-Musala (Al-Rube) for the night^[8]
5 February: The protesters arrived Al-Haydreyah (Khan Al-Nus), a small town located north of Najaf. The protesters stayed there that night^[8]
6 February: In Al-Haydreyah town, one protester was killed. His name was Muhammed Al-Mayali. He was killed after violent clashes between protesters and Iraqi security forces.^[8]^[9] The protesters set many police offices on fire along the road between Najaf and Karbala. The protesters arrived to Khan Khan al-Rubu' (Khan al-Nukhaylah) and remained there in the night.^[10]
(7 ,8 and 9) February: The Iraqi government sent the Republican Guard forces and some Iraqi army units to Karbala and Najaf to end the demonstrations and riots.^[10] They were successful in stopping the protests in Karbala and Najaf governorates^[10]^[11]

The names of the executed demonstrators through revolution court

Jassim Sadiq Al-Irwani
Youssef Sattar Al-Asadi
Muhammed Said Al-Balagy
Najeh Muhammed Karim
Sahib Rahim Abu Kalal
Abbas Hadi Ajenah
Kamil Naji Malo
Gazi Judi Khuwayr

^[4]

References

^ ^a ^b "واقعة "خان النُص" في شباط/١٩٧٧". Algardenia. 1 July 2020. Retrieved 1 July 2020.
^ "1 وزراء صدام وانتفاضة خان النص.. مواجهةٌ تاريخية بين سلطات الأمن والثائرين". Iraq Huff Post. May 23, 2020. Archived from the original on October 23, 2021. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
^ "خان النص… تاريخ يتكلم". Alwelayh. 18 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
^ ^a ^b "حول زيارة الأربعين وانتفاضة 20 صَفر البطولية عام 1977 م". Alwelayh. 5 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 October 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
^ "Iraq's failed uprising after the 1979 Iranian revolution". Brookings. March 11, 2019.
^ "Iraqi protesters are mostly Shiite. And this identity is shaping how they protest". The Washington Post. December 14, 2019.
^ "AFTER THE WAR; Iraq's Shiite Majority: A Painful History of Revolt and Schism". The New York Times. March 30, 1991.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d "انتفاضة صفر ١٩٧٧.. ملحمة الأبطال في الليل البعثي البهيم". M-Mahdi. 27 September 2018. Retrieved 27 September 2018.
^ "دراسة حول انتفاضة صفر المجيدة عام 1977 ميلادية". Buratha News. 8 March 2007. Retrieved 8 March 2007.
^ ^a ^b ^c "قمع زيارة الاربعين". Alkafeel. 27 June 2018. Retrieved 27 June 2018.
^ "مدير مركز الأبحاث العقائدية يتحدّث عن انتفاضة صفر سنة 1977". Hawzah News. January 12, 2016.

v t e List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
1910s	Italo-Turkish War World War I Middle Eastern theatre Arab Revolt Armenian genocide Assyrian genocide Mount Lebanon starvation Unification of Saudi Arabia Simko Shikak revolt 1919 Egyptian Revolution Turkish War of Independence Greco-Turkish War Turkish–Armenian War Franco-Turkish War Revolts Mahmud Barzanji revolts
1920s	Franco-Syrian War Iraqi Revolt (1920) Intercommunal conflict in Mandatory Palestine Adwan Rebellion Arab separatism in Khuzestan Great Syrian Revolt Sheikh Said rebellion
1930s	Ararat rebellion Ahmed Barzani revolt Simele massacre Saudi–Yemeni War (1934) Goharshad Mosque rebellion 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 1935 Yazidi revolt 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine Dersim rebellion
1940s	World War II Italian bombing of Palestine Allied invasion of Iraq Syria–Lebanon campaign Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran 1943 Barzani revolt Alwaziri coup Al-Wathbah uprising Kurdish separatism in Iran Iran crisis of 1946 Arab–Israeli conflict 1948 Arab–Israeli War Suez Crisis 1967 Six-Day War 1973 Yom Kippur War 1982 Lebanon War
1950s	1952 Egyptian Revolution 1953 Iranian coup d'état Jebel Akhdar War Cyprus Emergency Suez Crisis Yemeni–Adenese clan violence 1958 Lebanon crisis 1958 Iraqi revolution 1959 Mosul uprising
1960s	Cyprus crisis of 1963–1964 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict First Iraqi–Kurdish War Second Iraqi–Kurdish War Dhofar Rebellion North Yemen Civil War Feb. 1963 Iraqi coup Mar. 1963 Syrian coup Nov. 1963 Iraqi coup Aden Emergency 1964 Hama riot Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1948 Palestine war First Intifada Second Intifada 1966 Syrian coup d'état
1970s	Black September in Jordan Yemenite War of 1972 Turkish invasion of Cyprus Shatt al-Arab clashes Lebanese Civil War Political violence in Turkey Islamist uprising in Syria 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq NDF Rebellion Yemenite War of 1979 Iranian Revolution Consolidation of the Iranian Revolution 1979 Qatif Uprising Grand Mosque seizure 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq
1980s	Iran–Iraq War 1980 Turkish coup d'état Kurdish–Turkish conflict Turkey–PKK conflict South Yemen Civil War 1986 Egyptian conscripts riot 1986 Damascus bombings 1987 Sharjawi coup d'état attempt Mecca massacre Abu Nidal's executions
1990s	Gulf War (1990–1991) 1991 Iraqi uprisings Terror campaign in Egypt (1990s) Yemeni Civil War (1994) Iraqi Kurdish Civil War Islamic insurgency in Saudi Arabia (2000–present) Operation Desert Fox al-Qaeda insurgency in Yemen 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
2000s	Iraq War Balochi insurgency in Iran 2004 Qamishli riots Houthi insurgency in Yemen Iran–Israel proxy conflict 2006 Lebanon War Fatah–Hamas conflict South Yemen insurgency
2010s	2011 Bahraini uprising Egyptian Crisis Sinai insurgency Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present) Syrian civil war Turkish involvement in Syria Syrian War spillover in Lebanon Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) War in Iraq (2013–2017) Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present) Yemeni crisis Yemeni civil war (2014–present)
2020s	2021 Beirut clashes Israel–Hamas war Israel–Hezbollah conflict (2023–present) Red Sea crisis
This list includes World War I and later conflicts (after 1914) of at least 100 fatalities each Prolonged conflicts are listed in the decade when initiated; ongoing conflicts are marked italic, and conflicts with +100,000 killed with bold.

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v t e Protests and coups in Iraq
OETA (1918–1920)	1919 Mahmud Barzanji revolt
Mandatory Iraq (1920–1932)	1920 Iraqi Revolution
Kingdom of Iraq (1921–1958)	1922 Mahmud Barzanji revolt 1931–1932 Ahmed Barzani revolt 1933 Simele massacre 1935–1936 Iraqi Shia revolts 1936 Iraqi coup d'état 1941 Iraqi coup d'état 1943 Barzani revolt 1948 Al-Wathbah uprising 14 July Revolution (1958)
Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)	1959 Mosul uprising Ramadan Revolution (1963) November 1963 Iraqi coup d'état 1965 Iraqi coup d'état attempt 1966 Iraqi coup d'état attempt 17 July Revolution (1968)
Republic of Iraq (1968–2003)	Second Iraqi–Kurdish War 1977 Shia uprising in Iraq 1979–1980 Shia uprising in Iraq 1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions in Iraq 1991 Iraqi uprisings Iraqi Kurdish Civil War 1996 Iraqi coup d'état attempt 1999 Shia uprising in Iraq
Republic of Iraq (since 2003)	2011 Iraqi protests 2011 Duhok riots 2012–2013 Iraqi protests 2015–2018 Iraqi protests 2019–2021 Iraqi protests 2020 Kurdish protests in Sulaymaniyah Governorate

This page was last edited on 15 February 2024, at 12:38