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The 1848–49 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 1848 and November 1849. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 31st United States Congress convened on December 3, 1849. The new state of Wisconsin elected its first representatives, and California also held its first congressional elections before officially achieving statehood in 1850, increasing the size of the House to 233 seats.
These elections spanned the 1848 United States presidential election and took place amid the U.S. victory over Mexico in the (1846–48) Mexican–American War. The Whigs lost their House majority as Democrats, whose support had driven the war, gained a House plurality. Among minor parties, the Free Soil Party won nine Northern seats, while the American or "Know Nothing" Party retained one.
Following the discovery of gold in January 1848, California boomed, creating immediate pressure for statehood. The Compromise of 1850, though largely crafted in the Senate, was also passed by the House, brokering its admission to the Union. Anticipating statehood, California elected two members at-large on November 13, 1849, to be seated September 11, 1850.
As neither major party held a majority when Congress convened on December 3, 1849 — the Democrats finished three seats short, while the Whigs had lost 12 seats and the majority — the election of a Speaker proved contentious.
The Whigs were sectionally split, with Northern Whigs nominating incumbent speaker Robert C. Winthrop of Massachusetts and Southern Whigs supporting Meredith P. Gentry of Tennessee. Democrats primarily supported Howell Cobb of Georgia; 13 other Democratic hopefuls also garnered support. The small Free Soil Party, opposing expansion of slavery into the Western territories, supported David Wilmot of Pennsylvania, author of the Wilmot Proviso, calling attention to slave power's hold over both major parties.
After nearly three weeks of heated debate, the House suspended its majority rule for the Speaker election: Cobb was elected on the 63rd ballot by plurality.[1]
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Transcription
>> Now, Radicals are the ones who create the Republican Party in its initial phase in 1854, '55. And in 1856 the Republican Party holds its national convention. They nominate John C. Fremont, a well-known -- a guy named "The Pathfinder" who was a Western explorer and had been fighting -- helped to conquer California for the United States in the Mexican War. They nominate Fremont for president. The platform of the Republican Party in 1856 is all about slavery. It has almost nothing. There's no economic policy in it, except for a mention that we ought to build more railroads. Nothing about tariffs. Nothing about homesteads. It's slavery. They condemn it in a famous, or infamous, phrase talking about the Mormons in Utah: they condemn slavery and polygamy as the "twin relics of barbarism." Twin relics of barbarism. See, that's the Radical language, "barbarism" is what slavery is. Why they went after the Mormons, I don't know. But anyway, they attack the Ostend Manifesto, which was a manifesto issued by a few Southern American diplomats, claiming that the United States ought to basically just invade and take over Cuba as a slave state; they denounced that notion. And they talk a lot about the civil war in Kansas, which I'll talk about next time. So it's a pretty radical platform. Now, the Republican Party is new, it's not tremendously organized. It does -- one of the things that happens in 1856 that boosts Republican support is -- let's see if we can find this image. Yes, here we go. The assault in the Senate on Charles Sumner. This is Sumner being beaten on the floor of the Senate by Preston Brooks, a congressman from South Carolina. Brooks had given a speech called -- sorry, Sumner had given a speech called "The Crime Against Kansas" in which he made many negative comments about Senator Butler of South Carolina. Brooks, who was a cousin or relative of Butler, came into the Senate floor the next day, after the session was over, in order to confront Sumner. He generously waited until the lobby had cleared of ladies, he later said. And then he went up behind Sumner, who was sitting at his desk and said, "I have read your speech over twice. It is a libel on South Carolina and Mr. Butler, who is a relative of mine." As Sumner tried to get up from his desk, Brooks started pounding him on the head with this cane, this walking cane of his, raining down blows. Brooks later said the cane broke under the impact, but he continued hitting him. He said, "It made a great deal more noise after the stick was broken. I wore out my cane completely, but saved the head, which is gold." Sumner -- eventually other members of the Senate rushed in and stopped this. Sumner became a hero in the North, or a martyr, a victim, and was reelected to the Senate by Massachusetts even though he was injured so severely that he could not take his seat again for three more years. Brooks became a hero in the South. The reaction to this assault is a good symbol of how the sections were dividing. There were many dinners given in Brooks' honor in South Carolina, and he was given gold canes to replace the one he had broken in this... And Brooks said, and there were books about it, that this was all a reflection of honor. The notion of family honor was a major, you know, feature of Southern culture. Defending the honor of your kinsman, your relative, the reputation of your state. And you were sort of allowed to do that in an aggressive manner. And it was sort of a form of manliness, you know, to go out there and defend your honor in this violent way. Now, of course, another way of looking at it is sneaking up behind someone and banging them over the head doesn't seem very honorable. He might have tried to do it from the front at least. But, you know, he was pretty clever. Anyway, but many -- this outraged quite a few people in the North who were not sympathizers of Sumner. But anyway, in the end, let's see if we can find our map of the election. Here we go. Fremont is the Republican candidate. James Buchanan of Pennsylvania, who we'll talk about next time, is the Democratic candidate. And the Know-Nothings ran ex-president Millard Fillmore. So there are three parties running. If you just look at this map, the first thing that you see is how sectional it is: the red or orange states are carried by Fremont. All the other green states are carried by the Democrats, Buchanan, with the exception -- you can't really see it -- of Maryland, which is carried by Fillmore. But let's dig a little deeper into this. First of all, it's a remarkable accomplishment for a party which barely existed a year before. They get a third of the popular vote and about 40 percent of the electoral vote. But notice the Republicans have not swept the entire North. They have lost Illinois, Indiana, Pennsylvania, New Jersey. That is what we call the Lower North, in contradistinction to the Upper North -- more conservative, many southern-born people living in southern Indiana, southern Illinois. These are places on the border with slave states. They share some cultural elements in common with the slave states. Looking at this map, it's pretty clear that to win in 1860 the Republicans are going to have to carry the Lower North, right? If they can win those states they lost -- Pennsylvania, Indiana, Illinois -- they will win the next election. The balance of power in those states is the Fillmore voters. Buchanan did not get a majority there; he got a plurality. But there was a large vote of mostly of former Whigs, conservative Whigs, who would not go over to the Democrats but did not want to join the Republican Party, either, because they thought it was exacerbating sectional divisions. So they went with Fillmore less on the anti-immigrant sentiment than on a more unionist sentiment. Fillmore also did very well in the Upper South -- in Virginia, in Kentucky -- again, for the same reason. That border area of the Lower North and the Upper South is far more moderate, so to speak, on the slavery issue than the Upper North and the Deep South. So the election of 1856 continues Democratic control of the national administration. But the Republicans certainly have great grounds for optimism after doing so well, after only existing for a year or so.
Election summaries
Wisconsin was apportioned an additional seat in 1848,[2] and two more seats were added for the new state of California.[3]
113 | 11 | 108 |
Democratic | [f] | Whig |
State | Type | Date | Total seats |
Democratic | Free Soil | Whig | Other | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||||
Arkansas | At-large | August 7, 1848 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Illinois | District | August 7, 1848 | 7 | 6 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Iowa | District | August 7, 1848 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Missouri | District | August 7, 1848 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Vermont | District | September 5, 1848 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 0 | ||||
Maine | District | September 11, 1848 | 7 | 5 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Florida | At-large | October 2, 1848 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Georgia | District | October 2, 1848 | 8 | 4 | 0 | 4 | 0 | ||||
South Carolina | District | October 9–10, 1848 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Ohio | District | October 10, 1848 | 21 | 11 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 8 | 3 | 0 | |
Pennsylvania | District | October 10, 1848 | 24 | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 13 | 3 | 1[g] | |
Delaware | At-large | November 6, 1848 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Michigan | District | November 7, 1848 (Election Day)[h] |
3 | 2 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
New Jersey | District | 5 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 0 | |||||
New York | District | 34 | 1 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 32 | 9 | 0 | ||
Wisconsin | District | 3[i] | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | ||
Massachusetts | District | November 13, 1848 | 10[j] | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 2 | 0 | ||
Late elections, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term | |||||||||||
New Hampshire | District | March 13, 1849 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1[k] | ||
Connecticut | District | April 2, 1849 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |
Rhode Island | District | April 4, 1849 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | 0 | ||
Virginia | District | April 26, 1849 | 15 | 13 | 4 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 0 | ||
Tennessee | District | August 2, 1849 | 11 | 7 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 1 | 0 | ||
Alabama | District | August 6, 1849 | 7 | 5 | 0 | 2 | 0 | ||||
Indiana | District | August 6, 1849 | 10 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 0 | |
Kentucky | District | August 6, 1849 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 6 | 0 | ||||
Texas | District | August 6, 1849 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
North Carolina | District | August 7, 1849 | 9 | 3 | 0 | 6 | 0 | ||||
Maryland | District | October 3, 1849 | 6 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 0 | ||
Louisiana | District | November 5, 1849 | 4 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||||
Mississippi | District | November 5–6, 1849 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | ||
California | At-large | November 11, 1849[l] | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1[m] | 1 | ||
Total[b] | 233 | 113 48.7% |
1 | 9 3.9% |
9 | 108 46.6% |
8 | 2 0.9% |
Special elections
30th Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member / Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 6 | John W. Hornbeck | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent died January 16, 1848. New member elected March 6, 1848. Democratic gain. Successor was not a candidate for the next term; see below. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | John Quincy Adams | Whig | 1830 | Incumbent died February 23, 1848. New member elected April 3, 1848. Whig hold. Successor later re-elected for the next term; see below. |
|
South Carolina 1 | James A. Black | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent died April 3, 1848. New member elected October 10, 1848. Democratic hold. Successor later re-elected for the next term; see below. |
|
New York 27 | John M. Holley | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent died March 8, 1848. New member elected November 7, 1848. Whig hold. Successor later re-elected for the next term; see below. |
|
South Carolina 4 | Alexander D. Sims | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent died November 22, 1848. New member elected January 9, 1849. Democratic hold. Successor later elected for the next term; see below. |
|
Wisconsin Territory at-large | New delegate elected October 30, 1848. |
31st Congress
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 4 | Alexander D. Sims | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent had been re-elected, see below, but died November 22, 1848. New member elected January 16, 1849. Democratic. Successor having already been elected to finish the current term; see above. |
|
Ohio 6 | Rodolphus Dickinson | Democratic | Incumbent died March 20, 1849. New member elected in 1849. | ||
Vermont 3 | |||||
Virginia 15 |
Alabama
Elections were held August 6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Alabama 1 | |||||
Alabama 2 | |||||
Alabama 3 | |||||
Alabama 4 | |||||
Alabama 5 | |||||
Alabama 6 | |||||
Alabama 7 |
Arkansas
The election was held August 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arkansas at-large | Thomas W. Newton | Whig | 1847 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
California
In California two at-large members were elected November 13, 1849 in anticipation of statehood and seated September 11, 1850.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California at-large 2 seats |
None | New seat. Independent gain. |
(Elected on a general ticket)
| ||
None | New seat. Democratic gain. |
Connecticut
Elections were held April 2, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Connecticut 1 | |||||
Connecticut 2 | |||||
Connecticut 3 | |||||
Connecticut 4 |
Delaware
The election was held November 6, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Delaware at-large |
Florida
Florida's single at-large member was elected October 2, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida at-large | Edward C. Cabell | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Georgia
Elections were held October 2, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Georgia 1 | |||||
Georgia 2 | |||||
Georgia 3 | |||||
Georgia 4 | |||||
Georgia 5 | |||||
Georgia 6 | |||||
Georgia 7 | |||||
Georgia 8 |
Illinois
Elections were held August 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Illinois 1 | |||||
Illinois 2 | |||||
Illinois 3 | |||||
Illinois 4 | |||||
Illinois 5 | |||||
Illinois 6 | |||||
Illinois 7 |
Indiana
Elections were held August 10, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Indiana 1 | |||||
Indiana 2 | |||||
Indiana 3 | |||||
Indiana 4 | |||||
Indiana 5 | |||||
Indiana 6 | |||||
Indiana 7 | |||||
Indiana 8 | |||||
Indiana 9 | |||||
Indiana 10 |
Iowa
Elections were held August 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Iowa 1 | |||||
Iowa 2 |
Kentucky
Elections were held August 6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Kentucky 1 | |||||
Kentucky 2 | |||||
Kentucky 3 | |||||
Kentucky 4 | |||||
Kentucky 5 | |||||
Kentucky 6 | |||||
Kentucky 7 | |||||
Kentucky 8 | |||||
Kentucky 9 | |||||
Kentucky 10 |
Louisiana
Elections were held November 5, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Louisiana 1 | |||||
Louisiana 2 | |||||
Louisiana 3 | |||||
Louisiana 4 |
Maine
Elections were held September 11, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maine 1 | |||||
Maine 2 | |||||
Maine 3 | |||||
Maine 4 | |||||
Maine 5 | |||||
Maine 6 | |||||
Maine 7 |
Maryland
Elections were held October 3, 1849 elections were after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the new term, but still before the Congress convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | |||||
Maryland 2 | |||||
Maryland 3 | |||||
Maryland 4 | |||||
Maryland 5 | |||||
Maryland 6 |
Massachusetts
Elections were held November 13, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | |||||
Massachusetts 2 | |||||
Massachusetts 3 | |||||
Massachusetts 4 | John G. Palfrey | Whig | 1846 | Incumbent lost re-election as Free Soil candidate. No member elected due to failure to achieve majority vote. Whig loss. |
|
Massachusetts 5 | |||||
Massachusetts 6 | |||||
Massachusetts 7 | Julius Rockwell | Whig | 1844 (late) | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Massachusetts 8 | |||||
Massachusetts 9 | |||||
Massachusetts 10 |
Michigan
Elections were held November 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Michigan 1 | Robert McClelland | Democratic | 1843 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Michigan 2 | Charles E. Stuart | Democratic | 1847 (special) | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
Michigan 3 | Kinsley S. Bingham | Democratic | 1846 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Minnesota Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Mississippi
Elections were held November 5–6, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Jacob Thompson | Democratic | 1839 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 2 | Winfield S. Featherston | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Mississippi 3 | Patrick W. Tompkins | Whig | 1847 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Mississippi 4 | Albert G. Brown | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Missouri
Elections were held August 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Missouri 1 | |||||
Missouri 2 | |||||
Missouri 3 | |||||
Missouri 4 | |||||
Missouri 5 |
New Hampshire
Elections were held March 13, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Hampshire 1 | |||||
New Hampshire 2 | |||||
New Hampshire 3 | |||||
New Hampshire 4 |
New Jersey
Elections were held November 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New Jersey 1 | |||||
New Jersey 2 | |||||
New Jersey 3 | |||||
New Jersey 4 | |||||
New Jersey 5 |
New York
Elections were held November 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 1 | |||||
New York 2 | |||||
New York 3 | |||||
New York 4 | |||||
New York 5 | |||||
New York 6 | |||||
New York 7 | |||||
New York 8 | |||||
New York 9 | |||||
New York 10 | |||||
New York 11 | |||||
New York 12 | |||||
New York 13 | |||||
New York 14 | |||||
New York 15 | |||||
New York 16 | |||||
New York 17 | |||||
New York 18 | |||||
New York 19 | |||||
New York 20 | |||||
New York 21 | |||||
New York 22 | |||||
New York 23 | |||||
New York 24 | |||||
New York 25 | |||||
New York 26 | |||||
New York 27 | |||||
New York 28 | |||||
New York 29 | |||||
New York 30 | |||||
New York 31 | |||||
New York 32 | |||||
New York 33 | |||||
New York 34 |
North Carolina
Elections were held August 7, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Carolina 1 | |||||
North Carolina 2 | |||||
North Carolina 3 | |||||
North Carolina 4 | |||||
North Carolina 5 | |||||
North Carolina 6 | |||||
North Carolina 7 | |||||
North Carolina 8 | |||||
North Carolina 9 |
Ohio
Elections were held October 10, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Ohio 1 | |||||
Ohio 2 | |||||
Ohio 3 | |||||
Ohio 4 | |||||
Ohio 5 | |||||
Ohio 6 | |||||
Ohio 7 | |||||
Ohio 8 | |||||
Ohio 9 | |||||
Ohio 10 | |||||
Ohio 11 | |||||
Ohio 12 | |||||
Ohio 13 | |||||
Ohio 14 | |||||
Ohio 15 | |||||
Ohio 16 | |||||
Ohio 17 | |||||
Ohio 18 | |||||
Ohio 19 | |||||
Ohio 20 | |||||
Ohio 21 |
Oregon Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Pennsylvania
Elections were held October 10, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Pennsylvania 1 | |||||
Pennsylvania 2 | |||||
Pennsylvania 3 | |||||
Pennsylvania 4 | |||||
Pennsylvania 5 | |||||
Pennsylvania 6 | |||||
Pennsylvania 7 | |||||
Pennsylvania 8 | |||||
Pennsylvania 9 | |||||
Pennsylvania 10 | |||||
Pennsylvania 11 | |||||
Pennsylvania 12 | |||||
Pennsylvania 13 | |||||
Pennsylvania 14 | |||||
Pennsylvania 15 | |||||
Pennsylvania 16 | |||||
Pennsylvania 17 | |||||
Pennsylvania 18 | |||||
Pennsylvania 19 | |||||
Pennsylvania 20 | |||||
Pennsylvania 21 | |||||
Pennsylvania 22 | |||||
Pennsylvania 23 | |||||
Pennsylvania 24 |
Rhode Island
Elections were held April 4, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Rhode Island 1 | |||||
Rhode Island 2 |
South Carolina
Elections were held October 9–10, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | |||||
South Carolina 2 | |||||
South Carolina 3 | |||||
South Carolina 4 | Alexander D. Sims | Democratic | 1844 | Incumbent re-elected. Incumbent then died November 22, 1848, leading to two special elections. |
|
South Carolina 5 | |||||
South Carolina 6 | |||||
South Carolina 7 |
Tennessee
Elections were held August 2, 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Andrew Johnson | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 2 | William M. Cocke | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat. New member elected. Whig hold. |
|
Tennessee 3 | John H. Crozier | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold. |
|
Tennessee 4 | Hugh L.W. Hill | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 5 | George W. Jones | Democratic | 1842 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 6 | James H. Thomas | Democratic | 1847 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 7 | Meredith P. Gentry | Whig | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 8 | Washington Barrow | Whig | 1847 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
|
Tennessee 9 | Lucien B. Chase | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
|
Tennessee 10 | Frederick P. Stanton | Democratic | 1845 | Incumbent re-elected. |
|
Tennessee 11 | William T. Haskell | Whig | 1847 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig hold. |
|
Texas
Elections were held August 6, 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Texas 1 | |||||
Texas 2 |
Vermont
Elections were held September 5, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Vermont 1 | |||||
Vermont 2 | |||||
Vermont 3 | |||||
Vermont 4 |
Virginia
Elections were held April 26, 1849, after the March 4, 1849 beginning of the term, but before the House first convened in December 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Virginia 1 | |||||
Virginia 2 | |||||
Virginia 3 | |||||
Virginia 4 | |||||
Virginia 5 | |||||
Virginia 6 | |||||
Virginia 7 | |||||
Virginia 8 | |||||
Virginia 9 | |||||
Virginia 10 | |||||
Virginia 11 | |||||
Virginia 12 | |||||
Virginia 13 | |||||
Virginia 14 | |||||
Virginia 15 |
Wisconsin
Wisconsin members were first elected in advance of its June 1848 statehood. It elected two members to finish the current term in the 30th Congress, and then it gained an elected an additional member for elections to the 31st Congress.
30th Congress
Wisconsin's two members were elected May 8, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wisconsin 1 | New seat | New seat. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Wisconsin 2 | New seat | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
31st Congress
Wisconsin's three members were elected November 7, 1848.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates[33] | |
Wisconsin 1 | William Pitt Lynde | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Free Soil gain. |
|
Wisconsin 2 | Mason C. Darling | Democratic | 1848 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Whig gain. |
|
Wisconsin 3 | New seat | New seat. Democratic gain. |
|
Non-voting delegates
Going into these elections, there were no incumbent delegates, because the only territory — Wisconsin Territory — became a state in 1848. Two new territories — Minnesota Territory and Oregon Territory — were granted delegates in 1849.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Minnesota Territory | New district | New seat. New delegate elected July 7, 1849. Democratic gain. |
| ||
Oregon Territory | New district | New seat. New delegate elected in 1849. Democratic gain. |
|
See also
Notes
- ^ Excludes states admitted during the 31st Congress
- ^ a b c Includes late elections
- ^ In comparison to its precursor, the Liberty Party, in the last election cycle.
- ^ Includes two Independent Democrats.
- ^ Includes one Independent, one Independent Whig, and one Anti-Rent Whig.
- ^ There were 9 Free Soilers, 1 Know Nothing, and 1 Independent.
- ^ 1 Know Nothing
- ^ In 1845, Congress passed a law providing for a uniform date for choosing presidential electors (see: Statutes at Large, 28th Congress, 2nd Session, p. 721). Congressional elections were unaffected by this law, but the date was gradually adopted by the states for congressional elections as well.
- ^ Increase of 1 seat.
- ^ One vacancy, in Massachusetts's 4th district, for the duration of the 31st Congress (as no candidate received a majority of the vote after multiple elections).
- ^ Previous election had 1 Independent.
- ^ Seated September 11, 1850 after admission to the Union.
- ^ 1 Independent elected.
References
- ^ Brooks, Corey M. (2016). Liberty Power: Antislavery Third Parties and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Chicago Press. pp. 155–160. ISBN 978-0-226-30728-2. Retrieved March 2, 2019.
- ^ 9 Stat. 235
- ^ 9 Stat. 452
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 8 - Special Election Race - Apr 03, 1848". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 01 Race - Oct 09, 1848". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - NY District 27 - Special Election Race - Nov 07, 1848". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 04 Special Election Race - Jan 08, 1849". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 04 Special Election Race - Jan 15, 1849". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ Guide to U.S. Elections. Vol. II (6th ed.). Washington, D.C.: CQ Press. 2010. p. 1010. ISBN 9781604265361. LCCN 2009033938. OCLC 430736650.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 4 - 4th Trial Race - May 26, 1851". OurCampaigns.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - MA District 7 Race - Nov 13, 1848". OurCampaigns.com.
- ^ "MI - District 01 Race - Nov 07, 1848". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 02 Race - Nov 07, 1848". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MI - District 03 Race - Nov 07, 1848". Our Campaigns. January 11, 2010. Retrieved June 27, 2022.
- ^ "MS - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "MS - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 8 March 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - SC - District 04 Race - Oct 09, 1848". www.ourcampaigns.com. Retrieved 2020-12-31.
- ^ "TN - District 01". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 02". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 03". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 04". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 05". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 06". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 07". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 08". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 09". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 10". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "TN - District 11". Our Campaigns. Retrieved 15 February 2021.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WI District 01 Race - Mar 13, 1848". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WI District 2 Race - Mar 13, 1848". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ "Election 1848". Potosi Republican. December 7, 1848. p. 2. Retrieved May 23, 2020 – via Newspapers.com.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WI District 2 Race - Nov 07, 1848". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
- ^ "Our Campaigns - WI District 3 Race - Nov 07, 1848". OurCampaigns.com. Retrieved May 23, 2020.
Bibliography
- Dubin, Michael J. (March 1, 1998). United States Congressional Elections, 1788-1997: The Official Results of the Elections of the 1st Through 105th Congresses. McFarland and Company. ISBN 978-0786402830.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (January 1, 1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress, 1789-1989. Macmillan Publishing Company. ISBN 978-0029201701.
- Moore, John L., ed. (1994). Congressional Quarterly's Guide to U.S. Elections (Third ed.). Congressional Quarterly Inc. ISBN 978-0871879967.
- "Party Divisions of the House of Representatives* 1789–Present". Office of the Historian, House of United States House of Representatives. Retrieved January 21, 2015.
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)