Adanawa/Ḫiyawa | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unknown–at least 7th century BC | |||||||||
 Quwê and its capital Adana among the Neo-Hittite states | |||||||||
| Capital | Adana | ||||||||
| Common languages | Hieroglyphic Luwian | ||||||||
| Religion | Luwian religion | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Historical era | Iron Age | ||||||||
• Established | Unknown | ||||||||
• Disestablished | at least 7th century BC | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | Turkey | ||||||||
Ḫiyawa was a Syro-Hittite Assyrian vassal state or province at various times from the 9th century BC to shortly after the death of Ashurbanipal around 627 BC in the lowland areas of eastern Cilicia corresponding to Classical Plain Cilicia, and the name of its capital city, tentatively identified with Adana, in modern Turkey.
Ḫiyawa appears in Neo-Assyrian records under the name of Que (𒌷𒄣𒂊)), and in Neo-Babylonian sources as Ḫumê (𒆳𒄷𒈨𒂊).[1]
The question whether the toponym Ḫiyawa is related to Ahhiyawa, the Hittite designation of the Mycenaean Greeks, is at present hotly debated.[2] The principal argument in favour of a Greek migration into Cilicia at the end of the Bronze Age is the mention of Muksa/Mopsos as the founder of the local dynasty in indigenous Luwian and Phoenician inscriptions.[3]
According to many translations of the Bible, Que (Hebrew: קְוֵ֖ה, romanized: Qəwêh) was the place from which Solomon obtained horses. (I Kings 10: 28, 29; II Chron. 1:16)
The species name of Cyclamen coum probably refers to Que.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Trevor Bryce, The land of Hiyawa (Que) revisited, Anatolian Studies 66 (2016): 67–79
- ^ Max Gander, Ahhiyawa – Hiyawa – Que: Gibt es Evidenz für die Anwesenheit von Griechen in Kilikien am Übergang von der Bronze- zur Eisenzeit? Studi Micenei ed Egeo-Anatolici 54 (2012): 281–309; Rostislav Oreshko, The Achаean hides caged in yonder beams: the value of Hieroglyphic Luwian sign *429 reconsidered and a new light on the Cilician Ahhiyawa, Kadmos 52.1: 19–33; Ilya Yakubovich, Phoenician and Luwian in Early Iron Age Cilicia, Anatolian Studies 65 (2015): 39a; J. David Hawkins, Addendum to ‘Phoenician and Luwian in Early Iron Age Cilicia’ by Ilya Yakubovich, Anatolian Studies 65 (2015): 54-55; Ilya Yakubovich, Adanawa or Ahhiyawa? Reply to the addendum by J.D. Hawkins, Anatolian Studies 65 (2015): 56-58; Rostislav Oreshko, Once again on the reading of Hieroglyphic Luwian sign *429: the evidence of the newly published ARSUZ inscriptions, N.A.B.U. 2015/3: 123-125
- ^ Trevor Bryce, The land of Hiyawa (Que) revisited, Anatolian Studies 66 (2016): 74b
- ^ Cyclamen coum subsp. coum Pink Silverleaf at Paghat's Garden
Sources
- Simo Parpola and Michael Porter, editors, The Helsinki Atlas of the Near East in the Neo-Assyrian Period, ISBN 951-45-9050-3 (Helsinki, Finland, 2001), Gazetteer, p. 15.
- Mirko Novák and Andreas Fuchs, Azatiwada, Awariku from the House of Mopsos, and Assyria. On the Dating of Karatepe in Cilicia, in: A. Payne, Š. Velharticka, J. Wintjes (ed.), Beyond all Boundaries. Anatolia in the 1st Millennium B.C. OBO 295 (Leuven, 2021), pp. 397–466.
- Mirko Novák, Kizzuwatna, Ḥiyawa, Quwe – Ein Abriss der Kulturgeschichte des Ebenen Kilikien, in J. Becker / R. Hempelmann / E. Rehm (ed.), Kulturlandschaft Syrien – Zentrum und Peripherie. Festschrift für Jan-Waalke Meyer, Alter Orient und Altes Testament 371, Ugarit-Verlag Münster 2010, pp. 397–425.
- Cilicia Chronology Group: A Comparative Stratigraphy of Cilicia. Results of the first three Cilician Chronology Workshops, in: Altorientalische Forschungen 44/2, 2017, pp. 150–186.
External links
Syro-Hittite states and cities | |||||||||||||||||
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| Luwian states |
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| Aramaean states |
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| Bronze Age | |
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| Iron Age | |
| Classical Age | |
This page was last edited on 22 May 2024, at 18:28