The Peace of Vasvár was a treaty between the Habsburg monarchy and the Ottoman Empire which followed the Battle of Saint Gotthard of 1 August 1664 (near Mogersdorf, Burgenland), and concluded the Austro-Turkish War (1663–64).[1][2] It held for about 20 years, until 1683, during which border skirmishing escalated to a full-scale war.
At the time of signing, the military of the Habsburgs was in a better position than that of the Ottomans. Instead of maintaining initiative and momentum, negotiations began and fighting stopped. In fact, Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor wanted peace to be signed so that he could be better prepared against France.[3] However, factions within the monarchy insisted on further operations, particularly Croats and Hungarians, mainly because most of their territory was in Ottoman hands, and they wanted to use the opportunity to reclaim their land. Noble Croatian families, the Zrinski and the Frankopan, viewed the treaty as particularly supplicating to the Ottomans, as they actually had to give up territories that had just been liberated back to the Ottomans as terms of the treaty. Some of the territories had belonged to them before the occupation. The treaty caused internal strife and instability in the monarchy, which would eventually culminate with the rebellion of the two Croatian noble families and Hungarian nobles led by Ferenc Rákóczi I against the king of Hungary (also Emperor to the German states in the monarchy).[citation needed]
With the treaty, Ottoman control of Transylvania and Uyvar (administered as the Uyvar Eyalet of the Empire) was recognized, as well as both empires paying a financial tribute (presented as a "gift") to the other.[4] That was the only time the French king, a traditional ally of the Ottomans since Francis I, fought against them. It was also one of the major factors in the Habsburgs' decision, as the much more valuable estates in the Holy Roman Empire and Italy were threatened by France. The concessions were very minor for the Austrians, as their emperor could now turn to western affairs. The Habsburgs also received some economic rights in the Ottoman realm and they agreed to pay an annual 200,000 florins to the Ottoman Empire.[5][6]
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See also
References
- ^ The Habsburg Monarchy, 1618–1815, Charles W. Ingrao, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press 2000, p. 67
- ^ Arno Strohmeyer, Norbert Spannenberger (Hrsg.): Frieden und Konfliktmanagement in interkulturellen Räumen. Das Osmanische Reich und die Habsburgermonarchie in der Frühen Neuzeit (= Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Mitteleuropa. 45). Franz Steiner, Stuttgart 2013, ISBN 978-3-515-10434-0
- ^ Die Habsburger, Eine Europäische Familiengeschichte, Brigitte Vacha, Sonderausgabe 1996, p. 245
- ^ The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe, Andrew Wheatcroft, Random House, 2009
- ^ "The New Cambridge Modern History. Volume V, The Ascendancy of France, 1648–88. Edited by F. L. Carsten (New York: Cambridge University Press. 1961. pp. xxiv, 630.)". The American Historical Review. April 1962. doi:10.1086/ahr/67.3.688. ISSN 1937-5239.
- ^ Nelson, Cynthia; Tucker, Judith (May 1988). "Women in 19th Century Egypt". Middle East Report (152): 66. doi:10.2307/3012115. ISSN 0899-2851. JSTOR 3012115.
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This page was last edited on 5 June 2024, at 08:10