| Wildlife of India |
|---|
The non-marine molluscs of India are a part of the molluscan fauna of India.
There are 5070 species of marine and non-marine molluscs living in the wild in India.[1] There are 3371 species of marine molluscs in India.[2]
There are 1671 species of non-marine molluscs living in the wild in India. This includes 1488 terrestrial species in 140 genera and 183 freshwater species in 53 genera.[2]
There are a total of species of gastropods, which breaks down to ?? species of freshwater gastropods, and 1488 species of land gastropods, plus ?? species of bivalves living in the wild.
- Summary table of number of species
| India | |
|---|---|
| freshwater gastropods | ?? |
| land gastropods | 1488 (??? species of snails and ??? species of slugs) |
| gastropods altogether | ??? |
| bivalves | ?? |
| non-marine molluscs altogether | 1671 |
| non-indigenous gastropods in the wild | ? freshwater and ? land |
| non-indigenous synanthropic gastropods | ? |
| non-indigenous bivalves in the wild | ? |
| non-indigenous synanthropic bivalves | ? |
| non-indigenous molluscs altogether | ? |
Freshwater gastropods
- Neripteron auriculatum (Lamarck, 1816)[3]
- Neripteron violaceum (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Neritina pulligera (Linnaeus, 1767)[3]
- Neritina platyconcha (Annandale & Prashad, 1919) – subgenus Dostia[3]
- Neritina perottetiana (Recluz) – subgenus Vittina[3]
- Neritina smithi (Wood, 1828) – subgenus Vittina[3]
- Neritina turrita (Gmelin, 1791)[3]
- Neritina variegata Lesson – subgenus Vittina[3]
- Neritodryas subsulcata (G. B. Sowerby I, 1836)[3]
- Theodoxus bicolor (Récluz, 1843) – subgenus Clithon[3]
- Theodoxus corona (Linnaeus, 1758) – subgenus Clithon[3]
- Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838 – subgenus Clithon[3]
- Septaria lineata (Lamarck, 1816)[3]
- Septaria porcellana (Linnaeus, 1758)[3]
- Angulyagra microchaetophora (Annandale, 1921)[3]
- Angulyagra oxytropis (Benson, 1836)[3]
- Taia crassicallosa Annandale & Rao, 1925[3]
- Pila globosa (Swainson, 1822) – including varieties incrassatula (Nevill) and minor (Nevill)[3]
- Pila olea (Reeve, 1856)[3]
- Pila conica (Gray, 1828) – including variety compacta Reeve[3]
- Pila theobaldi Hanley, 1875[3]
- Pila virens (Lamarck, 1822)[3]
- Pila saxea (Reeve, 1856)[3]
- Valvata piscinalis (O. F. Müller, 1774)[3]
- Cremnoconchus syhadrensis (Blanford, 1863)[3]
- Cremnoconchus conicus Blanford, 1870 – synonym: Cremnoconchus carinatus (Layard, 1854)[3]
- Mainwaringia paludomoidea (G. Nevill, 1885)[3]
- Tricula montana (Benson, 1843)[4]
- Erhaia nainatalensis Davis & Rao, 1997[5]
- Mysorella costigera (Küster, 1852)
- Assiminea brevicula Pfeiffer, 1854
- Paludomus tanschauria Gmelin
- Melanoides tuberculata (O. F. Müller, 1774)[6]
- Plotia scabra (O. F. Müller, 1774)
- Radix luteola (Lamarck, 1822)
- Anisus convexiusulcus (Benson, 1863) = Gyraulus convexiusulcus (Benson, 1863)
- Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834)[7]
Land gastropods
Species of gastropods of India include:[2][8][9][10]
- Georissa pyxis (Benson, 1856)[12]
- Pleuropoma andamanica (Benson, 1860)[12]
- Pleuropoma arakanensis (W. T. Blanford, 1865)[12]
- Pleuropoma dunkeri (Zelebor, 1867)[12]
- Pleuropoma nicobarica (L. Pfeiffer, 1847)[12]
- Pleuropoma rogersi (Bourne, 1911)[12]
- Pleuropoma scrupula (Benson, 1863)[12]
- Sulfurina behniana (Pfeiffer, 1865)[12]
- Sulfurina bensoni A. J. Wagner, 1907[12]
- Sulfurina zelebori (L. Pfeiffer, 1867)[12]
- Achatina fulica fulica (Bowdich, 1822)
- Amphidromus
- Chloritis propinqua (Pfeiffer, 1857)
- Rhachis bengalensis (Lamarck, 1822)[citation needed]
- Rhachis praetermissus (Blanford, 1861)[citation needed]
- Rhachis pulcher (Gray, 1825)[citation needed]
- Rhachis punctatus (Anton, 1839)[citation needed]
- Ruthvenia retifera (Pfeiffer, 1845)
- Alycaeus expatriatus (Blanford, 1860)
- Alycaeus footei (Blanford, 1861)
- Craspedotropis bilirata (Beddome, 1875)
- Craspedotropis cuspidata (Benson, 1851)
- Cyathopoma atrosetosum (Beddome, 1875)
- Cyathopoma filocinctum (Benson, 1851)
- Cyathopoma latilabrie (Beddome, 1875)
- Cyathopoma nitidum (Beddome, 1875)
- Cyathopoma ovatum (Beddome, 1875)
- Cyathopoma trochlea (Benson, 1851)
- Cyathopoma wynaadense (Blanford, 1868)
- Cyclophorus altivagus (Benson, 1854)
- Cyclophorus bensoni (Pfeiffer, 1854)[13]
- Cyclophorus cryptomphalus Benson, 1857[13]
- Cyclophorus indicus (Deshayes, 1832)
- Cyclophorus malayanus (Benson, 1852)[13]
- Cyclophorus nilagiricus (Benson, 1852)
- Cyclophorus siamensis (Sowerby, 1850)[13]
- Cyclophorus stenomphalus (Pfeiffer, 1846)
- Cyclophorus volvulus (O.F. Müller, 1774)[13]
- Cyclophorus zebrinus (Benson, 1836)[13]
- Leptopomoides valvatus (Mollendroff, 1897)
- Mychopoma seticinctum (Beddome, 1875)
- Pterocyclus bilabiatus (Sowerby, 1843)
- Pterocyclus comatus (Mollendorff, 1897)
- Pterocyclus cyclophoroideus (G. Nevill, 1881)
- Pterocyclus nanus (Benson, 1851)
- Scabrina phenotopicus (Benson, 1851[14]
- Scabrina pinnulifer (Benson, 1857)[14]
- Theobaldius ravidus (Benson, 1851)
- Theobaldius stenostoma (G. B. Sowerby I, 1843)
- Theobaldius tristis (Blanford, 1869)
- Tortulosa recurvatus (Pfeiffer, 1862)
- Nicida anamullayana (Beddome, 1875)
- Nicida liricincta (Blanford, 1868)
- Nicida nilgirica (Blanford, 1860)
- Nicida nitidula (Blanford, 1868)
- Nicida subovata (Beddome, 1875)
- Opisthostoma deccanense (Beddome, 1875)
- Opisthostoma fairbanki (Blanford, 1866)
- Ophisthostoma macrostoma (Blanford, 1869)
- Diplommatina canarica (Beddome, 1875)
- Philalanka bidenticulata (Benson, 1852)
- Philalanka daghoba (Blanford, 1861)
- Philalanka quinquilirata (Gude, 1914)
- Thysanota guerini (Pfeiffer, 1842)
- Ruthvenia retifera (Pfeiffer, 1845)
Staffordiidae – this family lives only in India[15]
- Staffordia daflaensis (Godwin-Austen)[12]
- Staffordia staffordi (Godwin-Austen)[12]
- Staffordia toruputuensis Godwin-Austen[12]
- Kaliella barrackporensis (Pfeiffer, 1852)
- Kaliella sigurensis (Godwin-Austen, 1882)
- Sitala liricincta (Stolickzka, 1871)
- Sitala palmaria (Benson, 1864)
- Sitala denselirata (Preston, 1908)
- Ariophanta canarica (Blanford, 1901)
- Ariophanta cysis (Benson, 1852)
- Ariophanta immerita (Blanford, 1870)
- Ariophanta interrupta (Benson, 1834)
- Ariophanta kadapaensis (Nevill, 1878)
- Ariophanta thyreus (Benson, 1852)
- Cryptozona albata (Blanford, 1880) (subgenus Xestina)
- Cryptozona belangeri (Deshayes, 1834) (subgenus Xestina)
- Cryptozona bistrialis (Beck) (subgenus Xestina)
- Cryptozona ligulata (Ferussac, 1821)
- Cryptozona maderaspatana (Gray, 1834) (subgenus Nilgiria)
- Cryptozona semirugata (Beck, 1837) (subgenus Nilgiria)
- Cryptozona sisparica (Blanford, 1866)
- Cryptozona solata (Benson, 1848)
- Euplecta acuducta (Benson, 1850)
- Euplecta cacuminifera (Benson, 1850)
- Euplecta fluctuosa (Blanford, 1901)
- Euplecta hyphasma (Pfeiffer, 1853)
- Euplecta granulifera (Blanford, 1901)
- Euplecta indica (Pfeiffer, 1846)
- Euplecta mucronifera (H. Adams, 1869)
- Euplecta semidecussata (Pfeiffer, 1851)
- Euplecta subdecussata (Pfeiffer, 1857)
- Euplecta travancorica (Benson, 1865)
- Hemiplecta beddomii (Blanford, 1874)
- Macrochlamys aulopsis (Benson, 1863)
- Macrochlamys indica Benson, 1832
- Macrochlamys lixa (Blanford, 1866)
- Macrochlamys prava (Blanford, 1904)
- Macrochlamys vilipensa (Benson, 1853)
- Macrochlamys woodiana (Pfeiffer, 1851)
- Indrella ampulla (Benson, 1850)
- Mariaella beddomei (Godwin-Austen, 1888)
- Mariaella dussumieri (Gray, 1855)
- Streptaxis canaricus (Blanford, 1869)
- Streptaxis concinnus (Blanford, 1880)
- Streptaxis peroteti (Petit, 1841)
- Streptaxis scalptus (Blanford, 1899)
- Streptaxis subacutus (Blanford, 1899)
- Gluella canarica (Blanford, 1880)
- Gluella exilis (Blanford, 1880)
- Gluella turricula (Blanford, 1899)
- Huttonella bicolor (Hutton)
- Ennea
- Perrottetia rajeshgopali Bhosale, Thackeray & Rowson, 2021[16]
- Succinea baconi (Pfeiffer, 1854)
- Succinea gravelyi Rao, 1924
- Succinea raoi (Subba Rao & Mitra, 1976)
- Succinea subgranosa (Pfeiffer, 1849)
- Opeas gracilis (Hutton, 1834)
- Subulina octona (Bruguière, 1789)
- Zootecus insularis (Ehrenberg, 1831)
- Glessula canarica (Beddome, 1906)
- Glessula chessoni (Benson, 1860)
- Glessula inornata (Pfeiffer, 1851)
- Glessula mullorum (Blanford, 1861)
- Glessula oreas (Reeve, 1850)
- Glessula orophila (Reeve, 1849)
- Glessula perrotteti (Pfeiffer, 1842)
- Glessula pseudoreas (Nevill, 1881)
- Glessula subserena (Beddome, 1906)
- Glessula tenuispira (Benson, 1836)
- Glessula textilis (Blanford, 1866)
- Glessula tornensis (Blanford, 1870)
- Lamellaxis gracile (Hutton, 1834)
- Zootecus chion (Pfeiffer, 1856)
- Vaginula alte Férussac, 1821 =? Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1822)
- <i>Filicaulis</i> (<i>Lavecaulis</i>) <i>frauenfeldi</i> (Semper, 1885) = Vaginula frauenfeldi Semper, 1885
- Pupisoma evezardi (Blanford, 1875)
- Planispira fallaciosa (Férussac, 1821)
- Planispira nilagerica (Pfeiffer, 1845)
- Planispira vittata (Muller, 1774)
unsorted:
- Lithotis rupicola
- Diplommantina[citation needed]
- Apatetes
- Corilla
- Edouardia
- Eurychlamys
- Microcystina
- Prosopeas
- Pupoides
- Bifidaria
- Micraulax
- Pearsonia[citation needed]
- Pseudaustenia
- Cyclotopsis
- Thysanota
- Planispira
- Rachisellus
- Satiella
- Cerastus
See also
- List of marine molluscs of India
- List of non-marine molluscs of Pakistan
- List of non-marine molluscs of China
- List of non-marine molluscs of Nepal
- List of non-marine molluscs of Bhutan
- List of non-marine molluscs of Bangladesh
- List of non-marine molluscs of Myanmar
- List of non-marine molluscs of Sri Lanka
- List of non-marine molluscs of Maldives
- List of non-marine molluscs of Indonesia
References
- ^ Alfred, J.R.B. (1998) Faunal Diversity in India: An Overview: In Faunal Diversity in India, i–viii, 1–495. (Editors. Alfred, JRB, et al., 1998). ENVIS Centre, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta.
- ^ a b c Aravind N. A., Rajshekhar K. P. & Madhaystha N. A. Patterns of Land Snail Distribution in the Western Ghats. last change 10 October 2006, accessed 1 March 2009.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa (file created 29 July 2010) FRESH WATER MOLLUSCAN SPECIES IN INDIA[permanent dead link]. 11 pp. accessed 31 July 2010.
- ^ Davis G. S. (1996). Tricula montana. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007.
- ^ Edmund Gittenberger, Choki Gyeltshen & Björn Stelbrink (2022). "The genus Erhaia (Gastropoda, Truncatelloidea, Amnicolidae), with a new species from Bhutan". ZooKeys 1085: 1–9. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.1085.77900
- ^ Madhyastha A. (2010). Melanoides tuberculatus. In: IUCN 2010. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2010.4. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 3 December 2010.
- ^ Liu L. et al. (2010) "The phylogeography of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Asia". Parasites & Vectors 3: 57. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-57.
- ^ Madhyastha N. A. & Kamalesh D. Mumbrekar The land snails of Sharavathi river basin, Karnataka, India.
- ^ Mavinkurve R. G., Shanbhag S. P. & Madhyastha N. A. 2004. Checklist of terrestrial gastropods of Karnataka, India. Zoos Print Journal 19(11):1684–1686.
- ^ Terrestrial fauna of Tamil Nadu "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 April 2009. Retrieved 1 March 2009.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) accessed 1 March 2009. - ^ a b Junn Kitt Foon & Mohammad Effendi Marzuki (2022). "A new species of Acmella (Gastropoda: Assimineidae) from Peninsular Malaysia". Folia Malacologica 30(1): 10–15.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Ramakrishna, Dey A. & Mitra S. C. (PDF created 6 April 2010). "Checklist of Indian Land Mollusca"[permanent dead link]. Zoological Survey of India. accessed 30 June 2010. 65 pp.
- ^ a b c d e f DO Duc Sang, DO Van Nhuong (2019). "Family Cyclophoridae in Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea): the genus Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810". Ruthenica 29(1): 1-53.
- ^ a b Junn Kitt Foon & Mohammad Effendi Marzuki (2022). "First record and description of a new Scabrina species (Gastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Peninsular Malaysia". Folia Malacologica 1(30): 23-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.030.003
- ^ Hausdorf B. (2000). "Biogeography of the Limacoidea sensu lato (Gastropoda: Stylommatophora): Vicariance Events and Long-Distance Dispersal". Journal of Biogeography 27(2): 379–390. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2699.2000.00403.x, JSTOR.
- ^ Bhosale, A.; Thackeray, T.; Rowson, B. (2021). "Perrottetia rajeshgopali, a new species of Perrottetia Kobelt, 1905 (Stylommatophora: Streptaxidae) from the Western Ghats, India". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 150(1): 45-54. DOI: 10.1127/arch.moll/150/045-054
- ^ Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1–16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
Further reading
(sorted chronologically)
- Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen 1920. Land and freshwater mollusca of India, including South Arabia, Baluchistan, Afghanistan, Kashmir, Nepal, Burmah, Pegu, Tenasserim, Malay Peninsula, Ceylon, and other islands of the Indian Ocean, supplementary to Messrs. Theobald and Hanley's Conchologia Indica. Volume III. Taylor & Francis, London. – The volume III. include Glessula species only.
- 1908–1915. The Fauna of British India including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca.
- Satyamurti S. T. 1960. Land and freshwater mollusca in the collection of the Madras Government museum. Natural History Section New Series, Vol. VI, No.4., 174 pp.
- Raut S. K. & Ghose K.C. 1984. Pestiferous land snails of India. Technical Monograph No. 11 Zool. Surv. India, 1–151.
- Subba Rao, N.V., Thakur D. K. & Mitra S. C. 1989. Mollusca (Terrestrial). Fauna of Orissa Part – II. State fauna Series: 1 Ed: Director, Zoological Survey of India P., 253–276.
- Subba Rao N.V. & Mitra S. C. 1993. Land Molluscs of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Rec. Zool. Surv. India, Occ. Paper No. 126, 88 pp.
- H. Nesemann, S. Gopaö & K. S. Ravindra (2003) The Bivalvia of the Ganga River and adjacent stagnant water bodies in Patna (Bihar, India) with special reference on Unionacea. Acta Conchyliorum, 43 pages, include 9 tables, 31 figures.
- S. C. Mitra, A. Dey & Ramakrishna (2005) Pictorial handbook: Indian land snails . 4 + 344 pp.
- Nesemann H. & Sharma S., Sharma G., Khanal S. N., Pradhan B., Shah D. N. & Tachamo R. D. (2007) Aquatic Invertebrates of the Ganga River System, Vol. 1. (Mollusca, Annelida, Crustacea), 263 pp., 76 (12 colour) plates with 748 figures. ISBN 978-99946-2-674-8.
- Ramakrishna & A. Dey (2007) Indian Freshwater Molluscs. 399 pp., 279 color figures in text, hardcover.
External links
- Sahyadri: Western Ghats Biodiversity Information System. issue 20. Mollusca.
- https://web.archive.org/web/20090717093156/http://www.wii.gov.in/envis/rain_forest/chapter9.htm
This page was last edited on 12 December 2023, at 00:41