There are hundreds of automobile manufacturers operating in China, the country with the largest automotive industry in the world. It includes state-owned manufacturers, privately owned manufacturers, foreign manufacturers, and joint ventures between local and foreign manufacturers.
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Transcription
State-owned manufacturers/brands
Central government controlled state-owned enterprises
- First Automobile Works (1953–present)
- Dongfeng (1969–present)
- Changan Automobile (1994–present)
- CRRC Group (2015–present)
- CRRC Electric Vehicle (2007–present)
Local government controlled state-owned enterprises
- SAIC Motor (1955–present)
- IM Motors (2020–present)
- SAIC Motor Passenger Vehicle (2006–present)
- MG Motor (2006–present)
- Rising Auto (2020–present)
- Roewe (2006–present)
- Maxus (2011–present)
- Hongyan (2003–present)
- Sunwin (2001–present)
- Nanjing Automobile Corporation (NAC) (1947–present)
- SAIC-GM-Wuling (2002–present, joint venture with General Motors and Guangxi Auto)
- Chery (1997–present)
- GAC Group (1955–present)
- BAIC Group (1988–present)
- BAIC BluePark (BJEV) (2009–present)
- Arcfox (2017–present)
- BAIC Motor (2010–present)
- Beijing (2012–present, previously Senova)
- Beijing Off-road (2019–present)
- Foton (1996–present)
- Changhe (1970–present)
- BAIC BluePark (BJEV) (2009–present)
- JAC Group (1964–present)
- JMCG (1947–present)
- Jingma Motor (1958–present)
- Fujian Motors Group (1995–present)
- King Long (厦门金龙) (1988–present)
- Higer Bus (苏州金龙) (1998–present)
- Golden Dragon (厦门金旅) (1992–present)
- Keyton (Fujing New Longma) (1997–present)
- King Long (厦门金龙) (1988–present)
- Guangxi Auto (1958–present)
- Wuling Motors (1982–present)
- Linxys (2023–present)
- Shenyang Auto (2023–present)
- Brilliance Auto Group (1992–present, bankrupt in 2020, reconstructed in to Shenyang Auto in 2024)
- Jinbei (1991–present)
- Brilliance Auto Group (1992–present, bankrupt in 2020, reconstructed in to Shenyang Auto in 2024)
- Shaanxi Automobile Group (1968–present)
- Sinotruck Group (1935–present)
- Zhongtong Bus (1958–present)
- Haima Automobile (1992–present, as subsidiary of FAW Group before acquired by the provincial government of Hainan in 2021)
- Weichai Automotive (2012–present)
- Yangzhou Asiastar (1998-present)
- VGV
- Enranger
- Zedriv (2017–present)
- Sinogold (2016–present, as privately owned manufacturer before acquired by municipal government of Zibo in 2022)
State-private mixed ownership manufacturer/brands
- Seres Group (1986–present)
- Hozon Auto (2014–present)
- Neta (2014–present)
Privately owned manufacturers/brands
Major privately owned manufacturers/brands
- BYD Auto (2003–present)
- Denza (2010–present)
- Yangwang (2023–present)
- Fangchengbao (2023–present)
- Geely Group (1998–present)
- Geely Automobile Holding (1998–present)
- Geely Auto (1998–present)
- Geely Galaxy (2023–present)
- Geely Geometry (2019–present)
- Lynk & Co (2016–present)
- Polestar (2017–present)
- Geely Auto (1998–present)
- Volvo Cars (2010–present)
- Livan/Maple (2000–present)
- Zeekr (2021–present)
- LEVC (2013–present)
- Geely New Energy Commercial Vehicle Group
- Lotus (2017–present)
- Radar (2022–present)
- Jidu Auto / Ji Yue (2023–present, joint venture with Baidu)
- Smart (2019–present)
- Proton (2017–present)
- Geely Automobile Holding (1998–present)
- Great Wall Motors (1984–present)
- Li Auto (2015–present)
- Leapmotor (2016–present)
- Nio (2014–present)
- Onvo (2024-present)
- XPeng (2014–present)
- Xiaomi Auto (2021–present)
- Yutong (1963–present)
- Skywell (2000–present)
- Nanjing Golden Dragon Bus (南京金龙) (2000–present)
- Skyworth Auto (2017–present)
Minor privately owned manufacturers/brands
- Aiways (2017–present, bankrupt in 2023, revived in 2024 and operated in oversea market only)
- BAW (1958–present, as a subsidiary of state-owned BAIC Group before acquired by a privately owned company in 2020)
- Baoneng Motor (2017–present)
- Dayun Group (1987–present)
- Hengchi (2020–present)
- Human Horizons (2017–present)
- HiPhi (2017–present)
- Jemmell New Energy Automotive (Lingbox Auto) (2019–present)
- Ruixiang (2019-present, reconstructed from BAIC Yinxiang)
- Shandong Heibao (1990–present)
- Sichuan Tengzhong (2005–present)
- SiTech (2018–present)
- Shandong Baoya (2019–present)
- Shuguang Group (1984–present)
- Huanghai Bus (1951–present)
- Sunlong Bus (2001–present)
- SWM Auto (2016–present)
- Tianma (1995–present)
- Techrules (2016–present)
- Wanshan Special Vehicle
- Wanxiang (1969–present)
- Wuzhoulong (2000–present)
- Yudo Auto (2015–present, as a subsidiary of state-owned Fujian Motors before acquired by a privately owned company in 2020)
- Zhidian Automobile (2018–present)
- Zhongyu Auto (2004–present)
- Zotye Auto (2005–2021, 2022–present)
- ZX Auto (1999–present)
Former manufacturers/brands
Bankruptcy
State-owned manufacturers
- Bamin (1980's–2010)
- Disai (1989–1996)
- Guizhou Yunque (1989–2005)
- Shuanghuan Auto (1988–2016)
- Hongxing (1960–2004; acquired by Shuanghuan)
- Shenyang Heibao (2001–2005)
- Jiangling Motor Holding (2004–present)
- Landwind (2004–2022)
Privately owned manufacturers
- Anda'er (1991–2016)[1]
- BAIC Yinxiang (1997–2019, reconstructed into Ruixiang)
- Weiwang (2011–2019)
- Bisu (2016–2019)
- Huansu (2014–2019)
- Baolong (1998–2005)
- Binzhou Pride (2006–2008)[1]
- Bordrin (2016–2021)
- Byton (2016–2021)
- Enovate (2015–2023)
- Dorcen (2018–2021)[2]
- Fuqi (1969–2013)
- Fuxing (1994–1998)
- Green Field Motor (2010–2016)[3][4]
- Greentech Automotive (2009–2018)
- Hawtai (Huatai) (2000–2023)
- Hanteng Autos (2013–2022)
- National Electric Vehicle Experimental & Demonstration Area (NEVEDA) (1995–2004)
- Sanxing (1990–2002)
- Shanlu Motors (1991–2001)
- Suda (2010–2023)
- Soar Automotive (1991–2011)
- Tianju Automobile (1987–2011)[5]
- Yemingzhu (1988–2011)[5]
- Weltmeister (2015–2023)
- Polarsun Automobile (2003–2018, acquired by Weltmeister)
- Dalian Huanghai (2009–2017, acquired by Weltmeister)
- Tongtian (2002–2005)
- Tengzhong (2005–2014)
- Ycaco (1987–1993; Joint-venture with the Jiangxi Automobile Manufacturing Plant producing Isuzu trucks)
- Yemingzhu (1987–2011)
- Youngman (2001–2019)
- Levdeo (2008–2023)
- Xinkai (1984–2020, acquired by Jemmell New Energy Automotive)
Acquisition or defunct subsidiary
- Datong (1954–2000s, acquired by FAW)
- Yungang (1989–2000's, acquired by FAW)
- Oley (2012–2015, subsidiary of FAW)
- Huali (1984–2002, subsidiary of FAW)
- FAW Jilin (1980–2019, subsidiary of FAW, acquired by Shandong Baoya Group)
- FAW Tianjin (Junpai) (1965–2019, a subsidiary of FAW)
- Xiali (1997–2015, subsidiary of FAW Tianjin)
- Dongfeng Yulon (2010–2020, joint venture of Dongfeng with Yulon)
- Oshan (2010–2024, subsidiary of Changan Automobile, merged into Changan brand)
- Hafei (1950–2015, a subsidiary Changan)
- Changfeng Motor (1950–1996, acquired by GAC Group)
- Gonow (2003–2016, acquired by GAC Group)
- Hanjiang (car manufacturer under Tonghui Machinery Works until 2005; acquired by Gonow)
- Yangchang Motors (1958–1993; acquired by GAC Group in 2009)
- Lifan Group (1992–2021, acquired by Geely and consolidated into Livan)
- Huayang (1990's–2004, acquired by Lifan Group)
- Emgrand (2009–2014, subsidiary of Geely, rolled back into Geely Auto)
- Gleagle (2008–2014, subsidiary of Geely, rolled back into Geely Auto)
- Englon (2010–2013, subsidiary of Geely, rebranded as LEVC)
- Zhidou (2014–2020, subsidiary of Geely)
- Foday (1988–2020, acquired by Xpeng)
- Fuzhou Automobile Works (1956–1984)
- Fuzhou Automotive Industry Corporation (1984–1990, became Fujian Motors Group)
- Fujian New Forta (2001–2020, acquired by Leapmotor)[6][7]
- Forta (1990–2001) (became New Forta)
- Heibao Auto (1990–2020, acquired by Sinotruk Group)
- Dadi Auto (1988–2012, acquired by CHTC)
- Liming (1986–2001)
- Nanjing Yuejin Soyat (1999–2007, subsidiary of Nanjing Automobile Corporation)
- Nushen (1990–2001, currently a subsidiary of JAC Motors)
- Riich (2009–2013, subsidiary of Chery)
- Rely (2009–2013, subsidiary of Chery)
- Traum (2017–2021, subsidiary of Zotye)
- Domy Auto (2015–2021, subsidiary of Zotye)
- Qinchuan (1987–2002, acquired by BYD Company, became BYD Auto)
Foreign manufacturers/brands
Until 2017, Chinese automotive policy required that a foreign carmaker must form a joint-venture with a Chinese carmaker if the former plans to produce vehicles in the country, with the Chinese carmaker owning 51% of the joint venture. However, since 2017, the Chinese government had indicated that it would liberalize foreign control in the automotive sector, allowing full ownership by foreign companies.[8]
In 2017, Tesla was allowed to set up a plant in Shanghai city, making it the first foreign automaker to open a wholly owned factory in China.[9] In 2022, BMW and Volkswagen had acquired 75% stake in their joint ventures, which enables them to have the majority control of its Chinese joint ventures.
- Tesla
- Gigafactory Shanghai (currently the only fully foreign owned car manufacturer in mainland China)
- BMW
- BMW China (joint-venture with Brilliance Auto Group, a majority 75% stake was acquired by BMW in 2022)
- (Defunct) Zinoro (2013–2020)
- BMW China (joint-venture with Brilliance Auto Group, a majority 75% stake was acquired by BMW in 2022)
- Volkswagen
- Volkswagen Anhui (joint-venture with JAC, a majority 78.52% stake was acquired by Volkswagen in 2020)
- Ford
- Ford Beyond (2022–present, Jiangling Ford Technology, joint venture with Jiangling Motors,[10] Ford holds 65.32% majority of stake indirectly)
Foreign joint ventures/brands
Before 2017, foreign automotive companies establishing joint ventures in China had to adhere to two requirements.
- The ownership ratio for foreign manufacturers in joint ventures in China was not allowed to exceed 50%, with the common scenario being a 51:49 ownership ratio between the Chinese and foreign partners.
- The maximum of only two joint ventures could be established.[11]
Since 2017, the Chinese government had indicated that it would liberalize foreign control in the automotive sector, allowing full ownership by foreign companies. Volkswagen, for example, has already established two joint ventures (being FAW, SAIC) since 1980s, established its third joint venture VW-JAC.
Below is a list of major car company joint ventures ever existed in mainland China (truck and coach JVs not included). Early 1980s-90s CKD assembly agreements are not included as the production numbers are typically negligible compared to later JV efforts. Technology transfer agreements to domestic brands are also not included.
Current and defunct joint venture manufacturer in Mainland China
- Toyota
- FAW Toyota (2000–present, with FAW) (consolidated from Tianjin and Sichuan JV)
- (Defunct) FAW (Jilin) Daihatsu (2005–2010, with FAW)
- GAC Toyota (2004–present, with GAC)
- FAW Toyota (2000–present, with FAW) (consolidated from Tianjin and Sichuan JV)
- Volkswagen
- Honda
- General Motors
- SAIC-GM (with SAIC)
- SAIC-GM-Wuling (with Wuling, SAIC)
- (Defunct) FAW-GM (2009–2019, with FAW)
- (Defunct) Jinbei GM (1995–2000, with Brilliance Auto Group, sold to SAIC)
- Ford
- Changan Ford (2012–present, with Changan)
- Jiangling Motors (JMC) (1993–present, indirectly with Changan and JMCG)
- Changan Ford New Energy (2023–present, with Changan)
- Stellantis
- Dongfeng PSA (1992–present, with Dongfeng)
- Leapmotor International (2023–present, with Leapmotor)
- (Defunct) GAC FCA (2010–2022, with GAC)[12]
- (Defunct) Changan PSA (2011–2020, with Changan, sold to Baoneng)
- (Defunct) Guangzhou Peugeot (1985–1997, with GAC, stakes taken by Honda)
- (Defunct) Nanjing Fiat (1999–2006, with Nanjing Auto, merged to SAIC)
- (Defunct) Beijing Jeep (1987–2005, taken by Daimler)
- Renault-Nissan-Mitsubishi
- Dongfeng Nissan (with Dongfeng)
- Dongfeng Infiniti (2014–present)
- Venucia (2010–present, brand of Dongfeng-Nissan)
- Zhengzhou Nissan (with Dongfeng)
- Dongfeng Fengdu (2013–present, brand of Zhengzhou Nissan)
- JMEV (2015–present, with JMCG by 50:37)
- eGT New Energy Automotive (2017–present, Renault/Nissan with Dongfeng)
- (Defunct) GAC Mitsubishi (2012–2023, with GAC)[13]
- (Defunct) Renault Brilliance Jinbei (2017–2021, with Brilliance Auto Group)
- (Defunct) Sanjiang Renault (1993–2020, with CASIC)
- (Defunct) Dongfeng Renault (2013–2020, with Dongfeng)
- (Defunct) Soueast (2013–2020, Mitsubishi, in conjunction with Taiwan's CMC. Foreign maker quit JV)
- Dongfeng Nissan (with Dongfeng)
- Mercedes-Benz
- Beijing Benz (with BAIC)
- Fujian Benz (with BAIC, Fujian Motors)
- BMW
- Spotlight Automotive (Mini) (2018–present, with Great Wall Motor)
- Hyundai-Kia
- Yueda Kia (with Dongfeng and Yueda, Dongfeng sold its stake to Yueda in 2022)
- Beijing Hyundai (with BAIC)
- Isuzu
- Jiangxi Isuzu (1983–present, with Jiangling)
- Qingling Motors (1985–present, with Qingling)
- Tata
- Chery Jaguar Land Rover (with Chery)
- Mazda
- Changan Mazda (with Changan)
- (Defunct) Hainan Mazda (1992–2006, with Haima)
- (Defunct) FAW Car-Mazda (2005–2021, with FAW, assets sold to Changan)
- Suzuki
- (Defunct) Changan Suzuki (1993–2018, with Changan)
Manufacturer of Taiwan, Republic of China
Due to the limited market size, automotive manufacturers in Taiwan have relatively small-scale operations. The majority of major manufacturers engage in contract manufacturing for foreign car brands from Japan and the US. Only a few manufactures, like Yulon and China Motor, have their own brands.
Domestic manufacturers/brand
- China Motor Corporation (1969–present), also assembles for MG and Mitsubishi brand vehicles
- Yulon (1953–present)
- Luxgen (2009–present)
- (Defunct) Yulon Tobe (2009–2013)
- Sanyang Motor (1954–present), also assembles for Hyundai brand vehicles
Foreign manufacturers
- Toyota
- Kuozui Motors (1984–present)
- Honda
- Honda Taiwan (2002–present)
- Nissan
- Yulon Nissan (2003–present)
- Ford
- Ford Lio Ho Motor (1972–present)
See also
- Automotive industry in China
- List of foreign brand vehicles developed and manufactured by automobile companies of China
- List of automobile manufacturers
- List of Asian automobile manufacturers
- List of automobile marques
References
- ^ a b "Chinese Car Brands That Time Forgot: Anqing Anhui – Anda'er | ChinaCarHistory". 2018-01-10. Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ "BYD, Niu Technologies-backed Niutron reportedly take over failed automaker Dorcen's plants". CnEVPost. 2021-12-13. Retrieved 2021-12-13.
- ^ "Zhejiang Green Field Motor". China Car Forums. 13 June 2016. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
- ^ "绿野汽车成空壳 拖欠3亿元货款-盖世汽车资讯". auto.gasgoo.com. Retrieved 2021-09-16.
- ^ a b "谁还记得成都夜明珠汽车？它推出的车型不多，但每一台都很有趣_车家号_发现车生活_汽车之家". chejiahao.autohome.com.cn (in Chinese (China)). Retrieved 2023-12-12.
- ^ "Company profile-Fujian New Forta Automobile Industry Co., Ltd". www.forta.com.cn. Retrieved 2021-09-15.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Leapmotor's buyout of New Forta said to for car manufacturing qualification". Gasgoo. Retrieved 2021-09-25.
- ^ "China Rolls Closer to Relaxed Ownership Rules for Foreign Electric-Car Makers". Caixin. Retrieved 2023-09-17.
- ^ "Tesla to set up China plant without local partners". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 2023-09-18.
- ^ Ford holds 32% of Jiangling Motors, Jiangling Motors holds 51:49 with Ford in Jiangling Ford. Thus Ford holds 65.32% of Jiangling Ford indirectly.
- ^ "明年将取消乘用车外资股比和合资企业不超过2家的限制". www.scio.gov.cn. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
- ^ "Stellantis Implements Asset-light Approach to Grow Jeep® Brand in China and Negotiates Termination of Local Joint Venture with GAC Group". www.media.stellantis.com. Retrieved 2022-07-18.
- ^ "三菱自動車 中国生産から撤退へ". Yahoo!ニュース (in Japanese). Retrieved 2023-09-27.
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- ^ "Chinese cars. MG, Link&Co, Nio, Ora, Xpeng, Byd, Way and others". www.chinamobil.ru. Retrieved 2024-04-30.
This page was last edited on 1 June 2024, at 15:30