Differences between Shinjitai and Simplified characters

Collation and standards

Character-form standards
Jiu zixing Xin zixing Kangxi Dictionary forms (1716) General Standard Chinese Characters (mainland China, 2013) Graphemes of Commonly-used Chinese characters (Hong Kong, 2007) Standard Form of National Characters (Taiwan, 1982)
Grapheme-usage standards
General Standard Characters (PRC, 2013) Jōyō kanji (Japan, 2010)
Other standards
Standardized Forms of Words with Variant Forms (PRC, 2002) Nan Min Recommended Characters (Taiwan, 2009)
Previous standards
Commonly-used Characters (PRC, 1988) Tōyō kanji (Japan, 1946)

Reforms

China
Clerical reforms Traditional characters Simplified characters (first round second round) Debate
Japan
Kyūjitai Shinjitai Ryakuji
Korea
Yakja
Singapore
Table of Simplified Characters

Differences between Shinjitai and Simplified characters in the Japanese and Chinese languages exist.

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Transcription

List of different simplifications

The old and new forms of the Kyōiku Kanji and their Hànzì equivalents are listed below.^[1]

In the following lists, the characters are sorted by the radicals of the Japanese kanji. The two Kokuji 働 and 畑 in the Kyōiku Kanji List, which have no Chinese equivalents, are not listed here; in Japanese, neither character was affected by the simplifications.

No simplification in either language

(The following characters were simplified neither in Japanese nor in Chinese.)

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Same simplification in both languages

(Order: Kyūjitai / Traditional Chinese form - Shinjitai / Simplified Chinese form)

萬-万, 畫-画, 晝-昼, 蠶-蚕, 舊-旧, 臺-台,^[note 1] 爭-争, 來-来, 寫-写, 區-区, 醫-医, 點-点, 參-参, 號-号, 國-国, 聲-声, 條-条, 學-学, 寶-宝, 當-当, 黨-党, 屆-届, 屬-属, 擔-担, 數-数, 斷-断, 暑-暑, 橫-横, 殘-残, 淺-浅, 溫-温, 燈-灯, 狀-状, 將-将, 獨-独, 硏-研, 禮-礼, 社-社, 神-神, 祖-祖, 祝-祝, 福-福, 祕-秘, 署-署, 者-者, 朗-朗, 亂-乱, 辭-辞, 蟲-虫, 都-都, 靜-静, 麥-麦, 黃-黄, 會-会, 體-体, 裝-装

^ In China, 檯 and 颱 were also simplified to 台.

About 30% of the simplified Chinese characters match the Japanese shinjitai.

Simplification in Japan only

(Order: Kyūjitai / Traditional - Shinjitai)

豫-予,^[note 1] 冰-氷, 罐-缶,^[note 1] 圍-囲,^[note 1] 巢-巣, 乘-乗, 佛-仏, 假-仮, 舍-舎, 效-効, 增-増, 卷-巻, 德-徳, 拜-拝, 濱-浜,^[note 1] 藏-蔵, 黑-黒, 窗-窓, 缺-欠,^[note 1] 步-歩, 每-毎, 辨/瓣/辯-弁,^[note 1]^[note 2] 稻-稲

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Also remains an independent Traditional character.
^ In Japan, 弁 is used to simplify three different Traditional characters (辨, 瓣, and 辯).

Simplification in PRC only (not exhaustive)

(Order: Kyūjitai / Traditional Chinese form / Modern Japanese form - Simplified Chinese form)

業-业, 東-东, 島-岛, 劇-剧, 願-愿, 裏-里, 係-系, 個-个, 倉-仓, 側-侧, 備-备, 傷-伤, 億-亿, 優-优, 貧-贫, 興-兴, 軍-军, 創-创, 動-动, 勢-势, 協-协, 準-准, 幹-干, 員-员, 鳴-鸣, 園-园, 場-场, 報-报, 執-执, 奮-奋, 婦-妇, 孫-孙, 憲-宪, 導-导, 層-层, 災-灾, 順-顺, 帳-帐, 庫-库, 張-张, 後-后, 術-术, 復-复, 衛-卫, 態-态, 慣-惯, 採-采, 捨-舍, 揮-挥, 損-损, 漢-汉, 敵-敌, 時-时, 題-题, 極-极, 構-构, 標-标, 機-机, 樹-树, 橋-桥, 決-决, 減-减, 測-测, 湯-汤, 漁-渔, 潔-洁, 無-无, 熱-热, 愛-爱, 現-现, 節-节, 聖-圣, 穀-谷, 異-异, 務-务, 確-确, 種-种, 積-积, 殺-杀, 競-竞, 筆-笔, 築-筑, 簡-简, 約-约, 級-级, 紅-红, 紀-纪, 紙-纸, 納-纳, 純-纯, 組-组, 終-终, 細-细, 結-结, 給-给, 統-统, 絹-绢, 綿-绵, 線-线, 網-网, 緯-纬, 編-编, 縮-缩, 績-绩, 織-织, 買-买, 義-义, 養-养, 習-习, 職-职, 書-书, 脈-脉, 勝-胜, 腸-肠, 臨-临, 葉-叶, 夢-梦, 衆-众, 補-补, 製-制, 複-复, 見-见, 規-规, 親-亲, 計-计, 記-记, 討-讨, 訓-训, 設-设, 許-许, 訪-访, 評-评, 詞-词, 話-话, 試-试, 詩-诗, 誠-诚, 語-语, 認-认, 誤-误, 誌-志, 調-调, 論-论, 談-谈, 課-课, 誕-诞, 講-讲, 謝-谢, 識-识, 議-议, 護-护, 頭-头, 貝-贝, 負-负, 則-则, 財-财, 敗-败, 責-责, 貨-货, 費-费, 貸-贷, 視-视, 貴-贵, 貯-贮, 賀-贺, 貿-贸, 資-资, 賃-赁, 質-质, 車-车, 輪-轮, 輸-输, 農-农, 連-连, 進-进, 週-周, 過-过, 運-运, 達-达, 遊-游, 遠-远, 適-适, 選-选, 遺-遗, 郵-邮, 針-针, 銀-银, 銅-铜, 鋼-钢, 鏡-镜, 長-长, 門-门, 問-问, 閉-闭, 間-间, 開-开, 聞-闻, 閣-阁, 陸-陆, 隊-队, 階-阶, 陽-阳, 際-际, 難-难, 雲-云, 電-电, 頂-顶, 類-类, 預-预, 領-领, 額-额, 風-风, 飛-飞, 飲-饮, 飯-饭, 飼-饲, 館-馆, 馬-马, 魚-鱼, 鳥-鸟, 蕓-芸, 滬-沪

Different simplifications in both languages

(Order: Kyūjitai / Traditional Chinese - Simplified Chinese - Shinjitai)

兩-两-両, 惡-恶-悪, 單-单-単, 嚴-严-厳, 傳-传-伝, 價-价-価, 兒-儿-児, 變-变-変, 圓-圆-円, 勞-劳-労, 壓-压-圧, 營-营-営, 團-团-団, 圖-图-図, 圍-围-囲, 賣-卖-売, 鹽-盐-塩, 處-处-処, 據-据-拠, 實-实-実, 專-专-専, 縣-县-県, 廣-广-広, 應-应-応, 歸-归-帰, 戰-战-戦, 擴-扩-拡, 擧-举-挙, 從-从-従, 戲-戏-戯, 對-对-対, 榮-荣-栄, 櫻-樱-桜, 檢-检-検, 樂-乐-楽, 樣-样-様, 權-权-権, 產-产-産, 氣-气-気, 濟-济-済, 齋-斋-斎, 滿-满-満, 帶-带-帯, 殼-壳-殻, 歷-历-歴, 莊-庄-荘, 歲-岁-歳, 肅-肃-粛, 龍-龙-竜, 龜-龟-亀, 靈-灵-霊, 麵-面-麺, 燒-烧-焼, 發-发-発, 顯-显-顕, 絲-丝-糸, 經-经-経, 繪-绘-絵, 續-续-続, 總-总-総, 練-练-練, 綠-绿-緑, 緣-缘-縁, 繩-绳-縄, 壞-坏-壊, 絕-绝-絶, 繼-继-継, 縱-纵-縦, 纖-纤-繊, 腦-脑-脳, 臟-脏-臓, 著-着-著, 藥-药-薬, 覺-觉-覚, 覽-览-覧, 頰-颊-頬, 觀-观-観, 譯-译-訳, 證-证-証, 讀-读-読, 說-说-説, 讓-让-譲, 豐-丰-豊, 贊-赞-賛, 轉-转-転, 輕-轻-軽, 邊-边-辺, 遞-递-逓, 遲-迟-遅, 鄕-乡-郷, 鐵-铁-鉄, 鑛/礦-矿-鉱, 錢-钱-銭, 鑒-鉴-鑑, 銳-锐-鋭, 錄-录-録, 藝-艺-芸, 鑄-铸-鋳, 鍊-炼-錬, 關-关-関, 險-险-険, 隱-隐-隠, 雜-杂-雑, 顏-颜-顔, 驛-驿-駅, 驅-驱-駆, 驗-验-験, 齒-齿-歯, 聽-听-聴, 廳-厅-庁, 擊-击-撃, 辯-辩-弁, 澀-涩-渋,^[note 1] 濾-滤-沪

^ The Shinjitai form is actually simplified from the variant 澁.

Traditional characters that may cause problems displaying

Some of the traditional Kanji are not included in the Japanese font of Windows XP/2000, and only rectangles are shown. Downloading the Meiryo font from the Microsoft website (VistaFont_JPN.EXE) and installing it will solve this problem.

Note that within the Jōyō Kanji there are 62 characters the old forms of which may cause problems displaying:

Kyōiku Kanji (26):

Grade 2 (2 Kanji): 海社
Grade 3 (8 Kanji): 勉暑漢神福練者都
Grade 4 (6 Kanji): 器殺祝節梅類
Grade 5 (1 Kanji): 祖
Grade 6 (9 Kanji): 勤穀視署層著諸難朗

Secondary-School Kanji (36):

欄廊虜隆塚祥侮僧免卑喝嘆塀墨悔慨憎懲敏既煮碑祉祈禍突繁臭褐謁謹賓贈逸響頻

These characters are Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs for which the old form (kyūjitai) and the new form (shinjitai) have been unified under the Unicode standard. Although the old and new forms are distinguished under the JIS X 0213 standard, the old forms map to Unicode CJK Compatibility Ideographs which are considered by Unicode to be canonically equivalent to the new forms and may not be distinguished by user agents. Therefore, depending on the user environment, it may not be possible to see the distinction between old and new forms of the characters. In particular, all Unicode normalization methods merge the old characters with the new ones.

Different stroke orders in Chinese and Japanese

Different stroke orders of the character 必, from black to red.
Traditional	ROC, Hong Kong & Macau	Japan	Mainland China

Some characters, whether simplified or not, look the same in Chinese and Japanese, but have different stroke orders. For example, in Japan, 必 is written with the top dot first, while the Traditional stroke order writes the 丿 first. In the characters 王 and 玉, the vertical stroke is the third stroke in Chinese, but the second stroke in Japanese. Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau use Traditional characters, though with an altered stroke order.

References

^ PDF file. It also served as the source for the lists above. Please note the file is from 2011, so it does not include the 196 new Secondary-School Kanji, but the 5 Kanji removed from the Jōyō Kanji List.

This page was last edited on 14 February 2024, at 05:00