Tooth pathology

Tooth pathology
Other names	Tooth diseases, tooth disorders, dental pathology

Cavity
Specialty	Dentistry

Tooth pathology is any condition of the teeth that can be congenital or acquired. Sometimes a congenital tooth disease is called a tooth abnormality. These are among the most common diseases in humans^[1] The prevention, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of these diseases are the base to the dentistry profession, in which are dentists and dental hygienists, and its sub-specialties, such as oral medicine, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and endodontics. Tooth pathology is usually separated from other types of dental issues, including enamel hypoplasia and tooth wear.^[2]

Examples

Dental caries—Dental caries are known as cavities or tooth decay Bacteria in the mouth use foods that contain sugar or starch to produce acids which eat away at the tooth’s structure causing destruction to the enamel of the teeth. Meanwhile, the minerals in saliva (calcium and phosphate) together with fluoride are repairing the enamel.^[3] Dental caries is a chronic disease that can be prevented and show strongly in 6- to 11-year-old children and 12- to 19-year-old adolescents. 9 out of 10 adults are affected with some type of tooth decay. Prevention includes good oral hygiene that consists of brushing twice daily, flossing, eating nutritious meals and limiting snacking, and visiting the dentist on a regular basis. Fluoride treatments benefit the teeth by strengthening while sealants help chewing surfaces to not decay.^[4] Severe cases can lead to tooth extraction and dentures.
Dental abscess—A dental abscess is a collection of pus that accumulates in teeth or gums as a result of bacterial infection, giving rise to a severe throbbing pain at the site of the abscess. It is caused by consuming sugary or starchy food and poor dental hygiene and is treated by a dentist by draining the pus and, possibly, removing the infected tooth/teeth altogether.^[5]

^ "Cavities/tooth decay". Mayo Clinic. Retrieved 2013-12-30.
^ Towle, Ian; Irish, Joel D.; Groote, Isabelle De (2017). "Behavioral inferences from the high levels of dental chipping in Homo naledi" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 164 (1): 184–192. doi:10.1002/ajpa.23250. ISSN 1096-8644. PMID 28542710.
^ "The Tooth Decay Process: How to Reverse It and Avoid a Cavity". National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Retrieved 2013-12-27.
^ "Water-related Hygiene". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
^ "Dental abscess". NHS Choices. Retrieved 2013-12-30.

"Oral Health". National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. Retrieved 2013-12-30.

v t e Developmental tooth disease/tooth abnormality
Quantity	Anodontia/Hypodontia Hyperdontia
Shape and size	Concrescence Fusion Gemination Dens evaginatus/Talon cusp Dens invaginatus Enamel pearl Macrodontia Microdontia Taurodontism Supernumerary roots
Formation	Dilaceration Regional odontodysplasia Turner's hypoplasia Enamel hypoplasia Ectopic enamel Ectopic tooth
Other hereditary	Amelogenesis imperfecta Dentinogenesis imperfecta Dentin dysplasia Regional odontodysplasia
Other	Dental fluorosis Tooth impaction

Lips
Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning Trumpeter's wart

Tongue
Ankyloglossia Black hairy tongue Caviar tongue Crenated tongue Cunnilingus tongue Fissured tongue Foliate papillitis Glossitis Geographic tongue Median rhomboid glossitis Transient lingual papillitis Glossoptosis Hypoglossia Lingual thyroid Macroglossia Microglossia Rhabdomyoma

Palate
Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus

Oral mucosa – Lining of mouth

Periapical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues – Bones of jaws

Temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and malocclusions – Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities
Bruxism Condylar resorption Mandibular dislocation Malocclusion Crossbite Open bite Overbite Overeruption Overjet Prognathia Retrognathia Scissor bite Maxillary hypoplasia Temporomandibular joint dysfunction Condylar hypoplasia Condylar hyperplasia

Stomatognathic system – Teeth, jaws, tongue and associated soft tissues
Bruxism Mouth breathing Sleep apnea Catathrenia Central hypoventilation syndrome Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Obstructive sleep apnea Periodic breathing Snoring

Orofacial soft tissues – Soft tissues around the mouth
Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia Noma Oral Crohn's disease Orofacial granulomatosis Perioral dermatitis Pyostomatitis vegetans

Other
Eagle syndrome Hemifacial hypertrophy Facial hemiatrophy Oral manifestations of systemic disease

This page was last edited on 6 September 2023, at 01:06