Cynoscion | |
---|---|
![]() | |
Cynoscion arenarius | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Acanthuriformes |
Family: | Sciaenidae |
Genus: | Cynoscion Gill, 1861 |
Type species | |
Johnius regalis | |
Synonyms[1] | |
|
Cynoscion is a genus of marine ray-finned fishes belonging to the family, Sciaenidae, the drums and croakers. These fishes are found off the coasts of North and South America in the western Atlantic and eastern Pacific Oceans. Many fishes in this genus have been given the common name weakfish.
YouTube Encyclopedic
-
1/2Views:1 04430 554
-
Delaware State Symbols
-
Marcas famosas - Como Pronunciar?
Transcription
Symbols of the State of Delaware The official colors of the American state of Delaware are colonial blue and buff, the colors of General George Washington’s uniform during the American Revolution. The colors and the state seal appear on the state flag. The seal of Delaware contains three significant years in the colony and state’s history of 1704, 1776, and 1787. Delaware used to be part of the British colony of Pennsylvania and in 1704 the Lower Counties on the Delaware River of Pennsylvania established their own General Assembly. June 15, 1776, celebrated as Separation Day, was the day the colonial General Assembly declared Delaware an independent state from Great Britain. December 7, 1787, celebrated as Delaware Day, was the day Delaware became the first state to ratify the United States Constitution, following the early period of U.S. government under the Articles of Confederation. This also explains one of the nicknames for Delaware, The First State. Delaware is also known as The Diamond State because of a legend that Thomas Jefferson described Delaware as a jewel due to its strategic location on the Atlantic coast. The Blue Hen State is a nickname that comes from the fighting blue hen cocks that were sometimes carried by soldiers for cock fighting entertainment during the Revolutionary War. Soldiers from Delaware were associated with these fighting cocks during the war. The Small Wonder nickname refers to Delaware’s small size, but important contributions. Delaware is the second smallest state after Rhode Island. The official motto of Delaware is Liberty and Independence, which originates from the Order of Cincinnati, an organization of American Revolutionary War officers formed in 1783. The motto was adopted in 1847. The state flower is the peach blossom, which was chosen in 1895 because of the commercially important peach tree orchards from that time period. At the time it was chosen, there were over 800,000 peach trees in the state. The state bird is the blue hen chicken, having been associated with the state long before it was officially adopted in 1939. The state tree is the American Holly, adopted in 1939 and recognized as one of the state’s most important trees. American holly is often called Christmas holly or evergreen holly. The state bug is the lady bug, adopted in 1974. The state fish is the weakfish, adopted in 1981, in reference to its importance as a game and food fish. The weakfish is also known as the seat trout, gray trout, yellow mouth, yellow fin trout, and tiderunner. The state beverage is milk, adopted in 1983. The state herb is sweet goldenrod, adopted in 1996, and is common along the coast and near marshes and thickets. The state fossil is belemnite, adopted in 1996. The fossil is of an extinct squid from the Mesozoic era that is commonly found along the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal. The state mineral is sillimanite, which is common throughout the state, especially as large boulders at the Brandywine Springs State Park. The state butterfly is the tiger swallowtail, adopted in 1999. The tiger swallowtail can be found in woods along streams, rivers, and swamps, as well as in towns and cities throughout Delaware. The state soil is Greenwich Loam, adopted in 2000, as it is found across the entire state, aiding in agriculture and water quality, as well as acting as a part of wildlife habitat and the natural landscape. In 2000, a star, called the Delaware Diamond, was officially adopted by the state and registered with the International Star Registry. The state marine animal is the horseshoe crab, adopted in 2002 for its importance as a source of food for millions of shore birds along the coast. Delaware Bay is home to more horseshoe crabs than any other place in the world. The state macroinvertebrate is the stonefly, adopted in 2005, an important part of the state’s aquatic ecosystems. A state macroinvertebrate was chosen in order to raise public awareness about water quality issues. The state dessert is peach pie, adopted in 2009, which alludes back to the historical importance of peaches in the state’s economy and heritage. The state wildlife animal is the grey fox, adopted in 2010, that ranges throughout the state. Since the fox does not hibernate, it is said to always be ready like the soldiers at Dover Air Force Base. The state fruit is the strawberry, adopted in 2010 as it is an important agricultural product of Delaware. The state’s license plate incorporates the state colors and displays the state nickname of The First State above the characters. The state quarter, released in 1999, also features the nickname of The First State. Caesar Rodney is shown riding his horse. Rodney was an officer of Delaware militia and a Continental Congressman for the state, signing the Declaration of Independence. Rodney rode through a thunderstorm on the night of July 1, 1776 in order to arrive in Philadelphia the next day when voting began to declare independence from Great Britain. His arrival allowed him to break the deadlock that had existed in the vote for independence. If you enjoyed this video, be sure to hit the like button and subscribe to our channel for future videos. You can also like our Facebook page for updates there. You can check out another video on the story of the flag of the state of Delaware right here. Thanks for watching.
Taxonomy
Cynoscion was first proposed as a monospecific genus in 1861 by the American biologist Theodore Gill with Johnnius regalis, a species originally described in 1801 from New York by Marcis Elieser Bloch and Johann G. T. Schneider, designated as its type species.[1][2] This genus has been placed in the subfamily Cynoscioninae by some workers,[3] but the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.[4]
Etymology
Cynoscion is a combination of cyno, meaning "dog", a reference to the pair of canine-like teeth in the upper jaw, with scion, the modern Greek name of Umbrina cirrosa, which Gill preferred over sciaena because he did not like the sound of Cynosciaena.[5] The common name, weakfish, is a reference to the easily torn membrane in the mouth of C. regalis.[6]
Species
The genus consists of 25 species:[7]
- Cynoscion acoupa (Lacépède, 1801) (Acoupa weakfish)
- Cynoscion albus (Günther, 1864) (Whitefin weakfish)
- Cynoscion analis (Jenyns, 1842) (Peruvian weakfish)
- Cynoscion arenarius (Ginsburg, 1930) (Sand seatrout)
- Cynoscion guatucupa (Cuvier, 1830) (Stripped weakfish)
- Cynoscion jamaicensis (Vaillant and Bocourt, 1883) (Jamaica weakfish)
- Cynoscion leiarchus (Cuvier, 1830) (Smooth weakfish)
- Cynoscion microlepidotus (Cuvier, 1830) (Smallscale weakfish)
- Cynoscion nannus (Castro-Aguirre & Arvizu-Martinez, 1976) (Dwarf weakfish)
- Cynoscion nebulosus (Cuvier, 1830) (Spotted seatrout)
- Cynoscion nortoni (Béarez, 2001) (Hake weakfish)
- Cynoscion nothus (Holbrook, 1848) (Silver seatrout)
- Cynoscion othonopterus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) (Gulf weakfish)
- Cynoscion parvipinnis (Ayres, 1861) (Shortfin corvina)
- Cynoscion phoxocephalus (Jordan and Gilbert, 1882) (Cachema weakfish)
- Cynoscion praedatorius (Jordan and Gilbert, 1889) (Boccone weakfish)
- Cynoscion regalis (Bloch and Schneider, 1801)(Squeteague)
- Cynoscion reticulatus (Günther, 1864)
- Cynoscion similis (Randall and Cervigón, 1968) (Tonkin weakfish)
- Cynoscion squamipinnis (Günther, 1867) (Scalyfin corvina)
- Cynoscion steindachneri (Jordan, 1889) (Smalltooth weakfish)
- Cynoscion stolzmanni (Steindachner, 1879) (Yellowtail corvina)
- Cynoscion striatus (Cuvier, 1829) (Striped weakfish)
- Cynoscion virescens (Cuvier, 1830) (Green weakfish)
- Cynoscion xanthulus Jordan & Gilbert, 1882 (Orangemouth weakfish)
FishBase treats C. striatus as a valid species[7] but the Catalog of Fishes states that this is a nomen oblitum and is in the synonymy of C. guatucupa.[2]
Characteristics
Cynoscion weakfishes have an elongate, torpedo shapes body which is compressed to give it an oval cross-section. The head is low, with the crown being firm to the touch rather than spongy with moderately sized eyes and a large oblique mouth. There is a pair of large, pointed canine-like teeth in the front of the upper jaw. There are no barbels or pores on the chin. The preoperculum is smooth and not serrated and the top corner of gill slit is incised. The dorsal fin is long based and is deeply incised with between 7 and 9 thin spines and between 20 and 30 soft rays. The anal fin is supported by 2 small spines, less than half the length of the first anal fin ray, and 7 to 13 soft rays. They have large scales, ctenoid on the body and cycloid on the head. The lateral line reaches to the middle of the end of the caudal fin.[8] The largest species in the genus are C. albus which has a maximum published total length of 130 cm (51 in) and C. xanthulus at 129 cm (51 in) while the smallest is C. nannus reaching 27 cm (11 in).[7]
Distribution
Cynoscion weakfishes are found off the Americas in the eastern Pacific and western Atlantic Oceans being found in tropical and warm temperate waters.[8]
References
- ^ a b c Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ a b Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Cynoscion". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
- ^ Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
- ^ J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-30.
- ^ Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Retrieved 26 April 2023.
- ^ "Weakfish". Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
- ^ a b c Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2023). Species of Cynoscion in FishBase. February 2023 version.
- ^ a b "Genus: Cynoscion, Weakfish Croaker, Weakfishes". Shorefishes of the Greater Caribbean online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 30 April 2023.
![](/s/i/modif.png)