| UNESCO World Heritage Site | |
|---|---|
 Part of Crown Mines, Botallack (St Just Mining District) | |
| Location | Cornwall and West Devon, United Kingdom |
| Criteria | Cultural: (ii), (iii), (iv) |
| Reference | 1215 |
| Inscription | 2006 (30th Session) |
| Area | 19,719 ha (48,730 acres) |
| Coordinates | 50°8′10″N 05°23′1″W / 50.13611°N 5.38361°W |
  Location of Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape in Cornwall  Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape (the United Kingdom) | |
The Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape is a World Heritage Site which includes select mining landscapes in Cornwall and West Devon in the south west of England. The site was added to the World Heritage List during the 30th Session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee in Vilnius, July 2006. Following plans in 2011 to restart mining at South Crofty,[1] and to build a supermarket at Hayle Harbour,[2] the World Heritage Committee drafted a decision in 2014 to put the site on the List of World Heritage in Danger, but this was rejected at the 38th Committee Session at Doha, Qatar (July 2014), in favour of a follow-up Reactive Monitoring Mission.[3][4]
YouTube Encyclopedic
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An Introduction to the Cornwall and West Devon Mining landscape
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Cornish Mining World Heritage Site - Tavistock and the Bedford Cottages
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The Cornwall Tin Mines
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Cornish Mining - Characters & Society
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Cornish Mining - Deborah Boden CMWHS Co-Ordinater
Transcription
History
Up to the mid-16th century, Devon produced approximately 25-40% of the amount of tin that Cornwall did but the total amount of tin production from both Cornwall and Devon during this period was relatively small. After the 1540s, Cornwall's production took off and Devon's production was only about between a ninth to a tenth of that of Cornwall. From the mid-16th century onwards, the Devon Stannaries were worth very little in income to the King and were sidelined as such following the Supremacy of Parliament Act 1512 (this does not apply to the Stannaries of Cornwall).
The landscapes of Cornwall and West Devon were radically reshaped during the 18th and 19th centuries by deep-lode mining for copper and tin. The underground mines, engine houses, foundries, new towns, smallholdings, ports, harbours, and ancillary industries together reflect prolific innovation which, in the early 19th century, enabled the region to produce two-thirds of the world's supply of copper. During the late 19th century, arsenic production came into ascendancy with mines in the east of Cornwall and West Devon supplying half the world's demand.
The early 19th century also saw a revolution in steam engine technology which was to radically transform hard-rock mining fortunes. The high-pressure expansively operated pumping engines developed by the engineers Richard Trevithick and Arthur Woolf enabled mining at much greater depths than had been possible hitherto. Cornish-design beam engines and other mining machinery was to be exported from major engineering foundries in Hayle, Perranarworthal, Tavistock and elsewhere to mining fields around the world throughout the century.
Commencing in the early 19th century, significant numbers of mine workers migrated to live and work in mining communities based on Cornish traditions, this flow reaching its zenith at the end of the 19th century. Today numerous migrant-descended Cornish communities flourish around the world and distinctive Cornish-design engine houses can be seen in Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Mexico, the British Virgin Islands, Spain, and in the mining fields of other parts of England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland, the Channel Islands, and the Isle of Man.
A much reduced mining industry continued in Cornwall after the copper crash of the 1860s with production mainly focused on tin. Metalliferous mining finally ceased in Cornwall in 1998 with the closure of South Crofty Mine, Pool, the last tin mine to operate in Europe.
Areas
The World Heritage Site comprises discrete but thematically linked areas spanning Cornwall and West Devon. The areas (with the area codes from the site nomination) are:[5]
- A1 - St Just Mining District
- A2 - Port of Hayle
- A3i - Tregonning and Gwinear Mining District
- A3ii - Trewavas
- A4 - Wendron Mining District
- A5i - Camborne and Redruth Mining District
- A5ii - Wheal Peevor
- A5iii - Portreath Harbour
- A6i - Gwennap Mining District
- A6ii - Devoran and Perran Foundry
- A6iii - Kennall Vale
- A7 - St Agnes Mining District
- A8i - Luxulyan Valley
- A8ii - Charlestown
- A9 - Caradon Mining District
- A10i - Tamar Valley
- A10ii - Tavistock
See also
- Wheel Wreck, a shipwreck containing Cornish mining equipment, now protected by Historic England
- The Mineral Tramway Trails, a set of public trails following former tram and rail routes in Cornwall's central mining district
References
- ^ "Unseco threaten to pull South Crofty mining 'world heritage status' if mining starts". falmouthpacket.co.uk. 8 November 2012.
- ^ Simon Parker (21 June 2013). "UN threat to Devon and Cornwall's heritage site status". westernmorningnews.co.uk. Archived from the original on 9 August 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2014.
- ^ "Decisions Adopted (38th Session 2014)" (PDF). UNESCO World Heritage. UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved 16 October 2014.
- ^ "Cornwall and West Devon Mining Landscape Current conservation issues 2014". unesco.org.
- ^ "The World Heritage Site Areas". Cornwall & Scilly Historic Environment Service. 2006. Archived from the original on 26 April 2007. Retrieved 25 May 2007.
External links
- UNESCO listing
- BBC – World Heritage site bid gets go-ahead
- World Heritage website
- Cornish Mining - World Heritage Status
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This page was last edited on 18 April 2024, at 01:21